conclusions maximal and supra-maximal races induce a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and cause non-negligible inflammation and muscle damage. these effects were relatively related to the physical exercise type and the sportive specialty. results a significant increase in malondialdehyde (mda) concentrations was observed in ss and mdr after the vameval test and in ldr after the limite...

Dear Editor The recent report on “Malondialdehyde Level in the Cord Blood” bring some interesting point to be discussed [1]. Gülbayzar et al. concluded that “malondialdehyde level in umbilical cord blood could serve as an indication of perinatal oxidative stress [1]” This summary might be correct, however, there are some points to be considered. First, there are many factors that can induce the...

Nerve cells communicate with each other through two mechanisms, referred to as fast and slow synaptic transmission. Fast-acting neurotransmitters, e.g., glutamate (excitatory) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (inhibitory), achieve effects on their target cells within one millisecond by virtue of opening ligand-operated ion channels. In contrast, all of the effects of the biogenic amine and pe...