CONTEXT There is no review of HIV responses in Arab states on the southern Persian Gulf border. This narrative review aimed to describe and synthesize HIV responses in Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A review of scientific databases and grey literature was conducted based on an international guide. Overall, 16 original studies and reports were f...

This paper offers a unified treatment of truthful communication in the context of the sale of an asset under incomplete information. Among other things, the framework accommodates general assumptions about reporting costs, information endowments, the language of communication or the productive uses of information. I show that this class of problems admits a unique perfect sequential rational ex...

This memo outlines high-level requirements for the integration of flexible Mandatory Access Control (MAC) functionality into the Network File System (NFS) version 4.2 (NFSv4.2). It describes the level of protections that should be provided over protocol components and the basic structure of the proposed system. The intent here is not to present the protocol changes but to describe the environme...

Traditionally, statically typed programming languages incorporate a built-in static type system. This system is typically mandatory: every legal program must successfully typecheck according to the rules of the type system. In contrast, optional type systems are neither syntactically nor semantically required, and have no effect on the dynamic semantics of the language. This in turn enables plu...

There is growing recognition and evidence that health care professionals regularly encounter-though they may not identify-victims of human trafficking in a variety of health care settings. Identifying and responding appropriately to trafficking victims or survivors requires not only training in trauma-informed care but also consideration of the legal and ethical issues that arise when serving t...

OBJECTIVE To assess the awareness, attitude and practice of HIV testing among antenatal clients in Benin-city. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out among 200 pregnant women. Respondents were selected at the weekly booking clinic using systematic sampling technique. Pre-tested, semi-structured and researcher-administered questionnaire was tool for data collection. ...

BACKGROUND New legislation now requires doctors to report unfit colleagues to the Medical Council of New Zealand. However, little research has examined the attitudes and willingness of doctors to report errant colleagues. AIM To examine the attitudes of a range of hospital-based medical practitioners towards the mandatory reporting of colleagues. METHODS House staff, registrars, and consult...

Taking action to protect patients from impaired colleagues is a long-standing ethical and professional obligation. In 2010, this responsibility was codified in law with the introduction, across Australia, of a new mandatory reporting regimen. While several concerns remain to be addressed, mandatory reporting has the potential not only to reinforce the primacy of patient safety, but also to open...

Few images arouse as much emotion as that of a sick child. The desire to do anything to help that child can be powerful and can cause people to take extreme measures to make the child well, especially when the illness is a fatal one, like AIDS. Recent scientific studies have shown that treating HIV-positive mothers during pregnancy can decrease the likelihood of transmission to the infant. Thes...