defamiliarization, the artistic technique of presenting to audiences common things in an unfamiliar or strange way in order to enhance perception of the familiar, is the main function of artistic literature. paradox is one of its techniques. paradox is used either syntactically or semantically. ibn al-farid was a mystic sufi poet gifted by mystical perceptions in addition to his poetic talents....

This paper presents a discussion of the contribution Muslim scientists to development modern science. It is commonly known that during golden age Islam, emerged who were very competent in their respective fields. They succeeded appearing as philosophers and filled various scientific fields, such medicine, mathematics, chemistry, physics so on. Their knowledge valuable, especially for science fo...

In this work we consider the design principles of the Instance-Based Network (IBN), an extended version of a generic Content-Based Network(CBN). IBN acts as an overlay communication platform over which end-point entities, called contents, communicate independently from their physical locations while providing the flexibility of having different instances of the same content. The semantics of di...

quṭb al-dīn al-shīrāzī (634h/1236ce-710h/1311ce) wrote four major works on astronomy: nihāyat al‐idrāk fī dirāyat al‐aflāk (“the utmost attainment in comprehending the orbs), in arabic, first edition completed mid-shaʿbān 680/november 1281); the ikhtiyārāt‐i muẓaffarī (“selections for muẓaffar al-dīn arslan” [a minor ruler in qasṭamūnī (modern kastamonu, turkey)], in persian, completed sometime...

concerning the article on ”cataract surgery in albucasis manuscript” pages 75-76 which is published in this issue of iranian journal of ophthalmology (irjo) a few points took my attention worth mentioning.     the science of ophthalmology and cataract surgery was developed 6,000 years ago, not in egypt but at mesopotamian region. the babylonians mastered this science 2,000 years before the glor...

abū al-jārūd is one of the leading figures of zaydis and the narrator of the significant books and traditions of imam al-ṣādiq (a.s.) and imam al-bāqir (a.s.), who has received the attention of the imāmī rijālīs (biographers) and dignitaries. on one hand, the imāmī and sunnī rijālīs have weakened him and, on the other hand, he is known as the transmitter of many and sometimes important traditio...