The kilogram is the last unit of the international system of units (SI) still based on a material artefact, the international prototype of the kilogram (IPK). The comparisons made in the last hundred years have clearly revealed a long-term relative drift between the IPK and the official copies kept under similar conditions at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. A promising route towa...

This paper describes a steady state model of a multiple effect evaporator system for simulation and control purposes. The model includes overall as well as component mass balance equations, energy balance equations and heat transfer rate equations for area calculations for all the effects. Each effect in the process is represented by a number of variables which are related by the energy and mat...

The relative power of actions in a Cauchy body suffering mutations due to defect evolution is introduced. It is shown that its invariance under the action of the Euclidean group over the ambient space and the material space allows one to obtain (i) the balance of standard and configurational actions and (ii) the identification of configurational ingredients from a unique source.

For a distribution advected by a simple chaotic map with diffusion, the "strange eigenmode" is investigated from the Lagrangian (material) viewpoint and compared to its Eulerian (spatial) counterpart. The eigenmode embodies the balance between diffusion and exponential stretching by a chaotic flow. It is not strictly an eigenmode in Lagrangian coordinates, because its spectrum is rescaled expon...

Basic issues of the general model-building framework of the mechanics of complex bodies are discussed. Attention is focused on the representation of the material elements, the conditions for the existence of ground states in conservative setting and the interpretation of the nature of the various balance laws occurring.

Three formulations for the problem of an elastica adhering to a rigid surface are discussed and compared. These include stationary principles, the surface integral of Eshelby’s energy-momentum tensor, and the material (configurational) force balance. The configuration at static equilibrium is predicted in closed form for a pair of structures that arise in nanoand microscale applications. 2006 E...