Growing high-quality crystals is a bottleneck in the determination of protein structures by x-ray diffraction. Experiments find that materials with a disordered pitted surface seed the growth of protein crystals. Here we report computer simulations of rapid crystal nucleation in nanoscale pits. Nucleation is rapid, as the crystal forms in pits that have filled with liquid via capillary condensa...

In this study, we analyzed the X-ray fluorescence of multi-layer material with a laser-induced and electrons. The laser plasma-based sources were generated by femtosecond Ti: sapphire source, optimized for measurement. three types stainless steel, copper-covered steel Korean 10 Won coins measured using compact relatively low intensity. Using difference in penetration depth between X-rays electr...

X-ray diffraction observation of metal fracture provides fracture analysis with useful information on the mechanics and mechanical conditions of fracturing. This method is called “X-ray Fractography” and has been developed especially in Japan as a new engineering tool for fracture analysis[1-3]. X-ray fractographic technique was applied to fracture surface of dental material. The relationship b...

Dual energy X-ray inspection systems are widely used in security and controlling systems. The performance of these systems however, degrades with the poor performance of human operators. Computer vision based systems are of vital importance in improving the detection rate of illicit materials, while keeping false alarms at a reasonably low level. In this study, a novel method is proposed for de...

Bismuth halogenides, a family of quasi-one-dimensional (1D) materials, including ? and phases Bi4Br4 Bi4I4, have been predicted to exhibit rich interesting topological properties. The single layer was demonstrated be quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI) with 0.18 eV gap. Such band gap is large enough for the observation QSHI at room temperature. Bulk ?-Bi4Br4 categorized as higher-order soon exam...

polyvinylpyrrolidone  /  nickel  oxide  (pvp/nio)  dielectrics  were fabricated  with  sol-gel  method  using  0.2  g  of  pvp  at  different working  temperatures  of  80,  150  and  200  ºc.  structural  properties and surface morphology of the hybrid films were investigated by x-ray  diffraction  (xrd)  and  scanning  electron microscope  (sem) respectively. energy dispersive x-ray spectrosc...

A significant correlation between FeKα line energy and X-ray spectral slope has been discovered among radio-quiet active galactic nuclei. The ionization stage of the bulk of the FeKα emitting material is not the same in all active galactic nuclei and is related to the shape of the X-ray continua. Active galactic nuclei with a steep X-ray spectrum tend to have a fluorescence FeKα line from highl...

X-ray diffraction is a commonly used experimental technique for identifying the structure of crystalline materials[3]. A crystalline material has its atoms arranged in periodic lattices with long-range symmetry. As a result, it scatters a beam of X-rays in well-defined patterns. Analysis of an X-ray diffraction pattern produced by a material yields extensive information about the structure of t...