During human pregnancy, the specialized epithelial cells of the placenta (cytotrophoblasts) come into direct contact with immune cells in several locations. In the fetal compartment of the placenta, cytotrophoblast stem cells lie adjacent to macrophages (Hofbauer cells) that reside within the chorionic villus stroma. At sites of placental attachment to the mother, invasive cytotrophoblasts enco...

In prolonged labour (dystocia) the level of activity of the enzyme oxytocinase is increased in the plasma and decreased in the placenta; the ratio of its activity in the placenta to that in plasma is less than half that found in normal labour. A possible explanation is that oxytocinase is derived mainly from the placenta and that during prolonged labour the enzyme escapes into the maternal bloo...

The contribution of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) to timely discharge of the placenta from bovine uterus at parturition is yet inconclusive, partly because of the presence of multiple MMP forms in situ. In the current study, the expression of different gelatinase subtypes on non-retaining placentas of Holstein cows was fingerprinted by using gelatin zymography. Different topographic regions o...

The placenta is the fastest growing organ of the human body. The placenta grows from a single cell to approximately 5x10 cells in 38 weeks. A good blood supply from maternal blood via the spiral arteries to the placenta is not only very important for the foetus but also very important for normal development of the placenta. The maternal blood is supplied to the placenta by spiral arteries. Appr...

The fetal genome regulates maternal physiology and behavior via its placenta, which produces hormones that act on the maternal hypothalamus. At the same time, the fetus itself develops a hypothalamus. In this study we show that many of the genes that regulate placental development also regulate the developing hypothalamus, and in mouse the coexpression of these genes is particularly high on emb...

Background: During the first trimester of pregnancy the uterine spiral arteries that supply blood to the placenta are remodelled, creating heavily dilated conduits lacking maternal vasomotor control. To effect permanent vasodilatation, the internal elastic lamina and medial elastic fibres must be degraded. Failure of remodelling is a key characteristic of the pathological placenta and is though...

Objective: To determine the frequency of fetal and maternal outcome in women with placenta accrete presenting at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad / Jamshoro. Materials Methods: Descriptive Cross sectional conducted Department Obstetrics Gynaecology for Six months (January 2021 to July 2021). A total 148 relevant ladies accreta were recruited entered study explored outcome. All maneuvers wa...

Fatty acid metabolism and oxidation capacity in the placenta, which likely affects rate composition of lipid delivered to fetus remains poorly understood. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic (DHA), are critical for fetal growth brain development. We determined impact maternal obesity on placental oxidation, esterification transport by measuring PhosphatidylCholine (P...

OBJECTIVES To test the hypothesis that low risk women at the onset of labour with planned home birth have a higher rate of severe acute maternal morbidity than women with planned hospital birth, and to compare the rate of postpartum haemorrhage and manual removal of placenta. DESIGN Cohort study using a linked dataset. SETTING Information on all cases of severe acute maternal morbidity in t...

Pregnancy has commonly been viewed as a cooperative interaction between a mother and her fetus. The effects of natural selection on genes expressed in fetuses, however, may be opposed by the effects of natural selection on genes expressed in mothers. In this sense, a genetic conflict can be said to exist between maternal and fetal genes. Fetal genes will be selected to increase the transfer of ...