BACKGROUND Little research has examined the development of alcohol expectancies in childhood, a notable omission as expectancies are viable targets for prevention programs. Moreover, limited alcohol expectancies research has been conducted from the perspective of psychobiological models of motivation despite the strong conceptual links between such models and cognitive models of alcohol use. ...

This paper presents a novel connectionist architecture to handle the "sensitivity-stability" problem and, in particular, an extreme manifestation of the problem, catastrophic interference. This architecture, called an interactive tandem-network (ITN) architecture, consists of two continually interacting networks, one — the LTM network — dynamically storing "prototypes" of the patterns learned, ...

making use of an extended fractional differintegral operator ( introduced recently by patel and mishra), we introduce a new subclass of multivalent analytic functions and investigate certain interesting properties of this subclass.

A classical result (often credited to Y. Medvedev) states that every language recognized by a finite automaton is the homomorphic image of a local language, over a much larger so-called local alphabet, namely the alphabet of the edges of the transition graph. Local languages are characterized by the value k = 2 of the sliding window width in the McNaughton and Papert’s infinite hierarchy of str...

Hippocampal pyramidal neurons in rats are selectively activated at specific locations in an environment (O'Keefe and Dostrovsky, Brain Res 1971;34:171-175). Different cells are active in different places, therefore providing a faithful representation of the environment in which every spatial location is mapped to a particular population state of activity of place cells (Wilson and McNaughton, S...

Two classical non-deterministic automata recognize the language denoted by a regular expression: the position automaton which deduces from the position sets defined by Glushkov and McNaughton-Yamada, and the equation automaton which can be computed via Mirkin’s prebases or Antimirov’s partial derivatives. Let |E| be the size of the expression and ‖E‖ be its alphabetic width, i.e. the number of ...

To determinize Büchi automata it is necessary to switch to another class of ω-automata, e.g. Muller or Rabin automata. The reason is that there exist languages which are accepted by some nondeterministic Büchi-automaton, but not by any deterministic Büchi-automaton (c.f. section 3.1). The history of constructions for determinizing Büchi automata is long: it starts in 1963 with a faulty construc...

The reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) asserts that three brain subsystems (i.e., the Behavioral Approach System [BAS], the Behavioral Inhibition System [BIS], and the Fight–Flight–Freeze System [FFFS]) underlie individual variations seen in personality and psychopathology. Though revised by Gray and McNaughton (2000), many researchers continue to utilize the original, and now outdated, the...

There is a strong presumption among economists that domestic reforms are promoted by regionalism. Yet strong empirical evidence for this proposition is lacking. This paper examines both the theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on this issue, drawing on the relevant economic, political, and legal literature. The authors argue that in general, the case for reciprocity in domestic reforms ...

Li and Pedrycz [Y. M. Li, W. Pedrycz, Fuzzy finite automata and fuzzy regular expressions with membership values in lattice ordered monoids, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 156 (2005) 68–92] have proved fundamental results that provide different equivalentways to represent fuzzy languageswithmembership values in a lattice-orderedmonoid, and generalize the well-known results of the classical theory of fo...