Competitive adsorption of counterions of multiple species to charged surfaces is studied by a size-effect-included mean-field theory and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The mean-field electrostatic free-energy functional of ionic concentrations, constrained by Poisson's equation, is numerically minimized by an augmented Lagrangian multiplier method. Unrestricted primitive models and canonical ens...

2.5 and 1.25 per cent gelatin have been titrated potentiometrically in the absence of salts and in the presence of two concentrations (0.0750 and 0.0375micro) of NaCl, MgCl(2), K(2)SO(4), and MgSO(4). The data have been used to calculate values of +/- S = v(z) - (v - 1)(z), where v(z) = v(2) - (v(2) - v) r(x)/18. The maximum and minimum values of S with NaCl were used to calculate the mean dist...

Wall-coated open-tubular (WCOT) columns provide higher column efficiency and lower solute interfacial adsorption effect than packed columns. However, previous efforts used to measure the infinite dilution activity coefficient (γ(∞)) via a chromatographic technique have used packed columns, because the low carrier gas flow rate (U) and the small stationary phase amount (n(2)) in WCOT columns rai...

Let ∆(x) denote the error term in the Dirichlet divisor problem, and E(T ) the error term in the asymptotic formula for the mean square of |ζ( 1 2 + it)|. If E∗(t) = E(t) − 2π∆∗(t/2π) with ∆∗(x) = −∆(x) + 2∆(2x) − 1 2 ∆(4x), then we obtain the asymptotic formula ∫ T 0 (E(t)) dt = T P3(logT ) +Oε(T ), where P3 is a polynomial of degree three in log T with positive leading coefficient. The expone...

seasonal activity and spatial distribution of eoteranychus frosti mcgregor, tydeus longisetosus (elbagouy and momen) and zetzellia mali ewing were studied during 9th july to 22th october 2006 in an unsprayed apple orchard, maragheh region, northwest of iran. also the density dependence interaction between preys and predator was assessed. to estimate the spatial distribution pattern of these spe...

The purpose of this study was to compare knee extension range of motion (ROM) as measured by a newly constructed linear instrument and by a gravity goniometer among children ages 8-14 years and to establish normative values for these children. The linear instrument recorded the distance in millimeters from the border of an uplifted heel to the measurement table. Coefficients of variation for kn...

Understanding and modelling electrolyte systems is of interest both in an industrial context from a fundamental point view. Their importance related to their key role played traditional emerging industries, the ubiquitous presence saline solutions biological, chemical, geological environments. The development equations state has advanced greatly recent years, with aim describe properties using ...

Experimental data for the disjoining pressure of foam films stabilized by anionic surfactant in the presence of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 2:2 electrolytes: NaCl, Na₂SO₄, Na₃Citrate, and MgSO₄ are reported. The disjoining pressure predicted by the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory coincides with the experimental data in the case of a 1:1 electrolyte, but it is considerably greater than the...