one of two (low choice). Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) found that the greater the monetary incentive for 5s to argue the merits of a series of boring tasks, the less were the 5s own attitudes toward the tasks likely to become more favorable. The greater apparent choice in the low incentive condition seemed to produce greater dissonance regarding the persuasion attempt, and this dissonance was ...

A true science of data visualizations requires both a theory of perception and of computer graphics. However, visualization designers have paid relatively little attention to perceptual issues. In this article, I outline how knowledge of human visual perception and physiology can lead to more effective visualizations. Bertin's (1983) Image Theory, the only comprehensive perceptual theory in the...

listening comprehension means the process of understanding speech in a second or foreign language. it is the perception of information and stimuli received through the ears. iranian efl learners have serious difficulties in english listening comprehension because iranian universities pay more attention to grammar and reading. the researchers used a set of authentic materials to improve iranian ...

Body sway and vibration perception in the lower limbs were measured in 32 normal subjects and 25 patients with peripheral neuropathies; nerve conduction studies were also performed in the patients with neuropathies. Body sway was measured by means of force-plate posturography, and three methods were used to assess vibration perception: a neurothesiometer, a semiquantitative tuning fork, and the...

Haptic perception is bidirectionally related to exploratory movements, which means that exploration influences perception, but perception also influences exploration. We can optimize or change exploratory movements according to the perception and/or the task, consciously or unconsciously. This paper presents a psychophysical experiment on active roughness perception to investigate movement chan...

Previous studies have shown that language can modulate visual perception, by biasing and/or enhancing perceptual performance. However, it is still debated where in the brain visual and linguistic information are integrated, and whether the effects of language on perception are automatic and persist even in the absence of awareness of the linguistic material. Here, we aimed to explore the automa...

Many information system (IS) failures may result from the inadequate assessment of project risk. To help managers appraise project risk more accurately, IS researchers have developed a variety of risk assessment tools including checklists and surveys. Implicit in this line of research, however, is the assumption that the use of such devices will lead to more accurate risk perceptions that will,...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the perception of disease severity in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), investigating its relationship with clinical score, radiographic score, respiratory function tests, adherence to treatment and perception of self-care practices. METHODS Prospective, cross-sectional study involving CF patients treated in a program for adults with CF. The perception of disease sever...

This paper, in opposition to the standard theories of social cognition found in psychology and cognitive science, defends the idea that direct perception plays an important role in social cognition. The two dominant theories, theory theory (TT) and simulation theory (ST), both posit something more than a perceptual element as necessary for our ability to understand others, i.e., to "mindread" o...

In order to be effective, collective decision-making strategies need to be not only fast and accurate, but sufficiently general to be ported and reused across different problem domains. In this paper, we propose a novel problem scenario, collective perception, and use it to compare three different strategies: the DMMD, DMVD, and DC strategies. The robots are required to explore their environmen...