Techniques for estimation of element levels directly in humans (non-invasive in vivo) or in samples (in vitro) from humans are reviewed. Toxic, nonessential, trace elements may cause temporary or permanent damage to various organs and tissues in humans. There is thus a need to control the concentrations. Knowledge of the relations between toxic effects and element concentration may be extracted...

Biomedical x-ray imaging has proven to be an indispensable component of many medical diagnostic and treatment techniques. Major technical advances over the years, culminating in helical scanning, multi slice, x-ray computed tomography, can now provide ∼ 0.5 mm resolution 3D images of the spatial distribution of tissue attenuation coefficients of an entire adult human thorax or abdomen. The util...

One quarter of all iodinated contrast X-ray clinical imaging studies are now performed on Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. Unfortunately, the iodine contrast agent used in X-ray is often toxic to CKD patients' weak kidneys, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Hence, we are pioneering a new medical imaging method, called Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), to replace X-ray and CT ...

The majority of medical accelerators for radiation therapy use frequencies in the S-band range. Having a compact accelerator allows for a wide range of treatments. The size and weight of the accelerator are substantially reduced if a higher frequency is used. X-band frequencies are suitable for such applications. X-band accelerator technology has been used in high-energy, as well as, industrial...

Many nuclear weapons complex workers were required to undergo medical x-ray examinations as a condition of their employment. To ensure that their dose reconstructions are complete, it is necessary to include the contributions from these examinations. X-ray procedures that must be evaluated include: (1) posterior-anterior and lateral radiography, and/or photofluorography, of the chest; (2) anter...