We present a comparison of two approaches for Arabic-Chinese machine translation using English as a pivot language: sentence pivoting and phrase-table pivoting. Our results show that using English as a pivot in either approach outperforms direct translation from Arabic to Chinese. Our best result is the phrase-pivot system which scores higher than direct translation by 1.1 BLEU points. An error...

The present work is an overview of the TraMOOC (Translation for Massive Open Online Courses) research and innovation project, a machine translation approach for online educational content. More specifically, videolectures, assignments, and MOOC forum text is automatically translated from English into eleven European and BRIC languages. Unlike previous approaches to machine translation, the outp...

CONTEXT Systematic reviews of public health interventions are useful for identifying effective strategies for informing policy and practice. The goals of this review were to (1) update a previous systematic review of physical activity interventions in Latin America which found that only school-based physical education had sufficient evidence to recommend widespread adoption; (2) assess the repo...

In speech translation, recognition errors produced by the speech recognition process can cause parsing and translation errors. Because of this, the development of a robust error handling framework is quite essential to improve the performance of the speech translation system. Previously, a robust translation method was proposed by Wakita, which translates only reliable parts in utterances. In t...

Cross-lingual tasks are especially difficult due to the compounding effect of errors in language processing and errors in machine translation (MT). In this paper, we present an error analysis of a new cross-lingual task: the 5W task, a sentence-level understanding task which seeks to return the English 5W's (Who, What, When, Where and Why) corresponding to a Chinese sentence. We analyze systems...

This paper aims to analyse the effects of including gaming entities in performance NER system, for English language and a machine translation industrial context customer support content. To identify classify (by Named Entity Recognition (NER) model), three new categories were created added already used annotation typology: GAME NAME, FEATURE CURRENCY. A set reference annotations (gold standard)...

The prerequisites of transition from the typology high-rise residential development dormitory districts, remote epicenter urban activity, to mixed functionality, interpreting morphological and symbolic codes metropolis historical heritage are considered. criticism modernist strategy is based on understanding functional zoning as an excessively rigid model city. historic environment with its hie...

Error analysis (EA) has been broadly applied to the researches of writing, speaking, second language acquisition (SLA) and translation. This study was carried out based on Carl James' error taxonomy to investigate the distribution of lexical errors in Chinese-English (C-E) translation of drug package inserts (DPIs)(1), explore the underlying causes and propose some translation strategies for co...