The nucleation and growth of Cd 1~x Zn x Te crystals in a multi-zone vertical Bridgman growth furnace have been observed and measured using in situ eddy current sensor techniques. A two-coil eddy current sensor measured coil impedance changes for multifrequency which were then interpreted using an electromagnetic "nite element analysis. The sensor was used to characterize the initial melting of...

Electrochemical nature of metallurgical reaction arouses more and more attentions, and the most closely related is the electrical conductivity of molten slag. The electrical conductivity of molten slag is not only an important physical property that plays a prominent role in modeling and operating the electric smelting furnace and optimizing the metallurgical process, but also important for und...

Blast furnace–basic oxygen furnace (BF–BOF) process is the predominant method for smelting vanadium titano-magnetite (VTM) in China. Hydrogen-rich (H2-rich) gas injection BF considered as an important way to reduce CO2 emission under background of low carbon metallurgy. In this paper, softening–melting behaviors VTM sinter H2–rich gases were investigated by determination its reduction softening...

The electric arc furnace (EAF) has the potential to significantly contribute decarbonization of iron and steel industry. However, during EAF steelmaking, carbon still needs be injected into molten slag initiate foaming, which is beneficial energy efficiency protection furnace. To move away from fossil carbon, biocarbon gained attention as an injection agent. In this study, two biochar candidate...

Based on the analysis of single-bar melting experiments in a previous article,1) effect spacing between steel bars agglomeration shells around and rate scrap samples was studied this article. In addition, calculation model time electric arc furnace under different bulk densities random stacking conditions also established. The two-bar experimental results show that thermal simulation are basica...

The booming Asian economies are driving the recent increase in steel production. Although BOF steel production growth is much stronger than EAF, the outlook for EAF is promising due to increasing substitution of steel scrap by DRI and pig iron, as well as an increase in electrical energy supply in China. The favorable operational reliability of AC-furnaces is the reason that most new furnace pr...

The heterogeneous nature of the ash chemistry biomass fuels gives rise to challenges in predicting deposit melting, sintering, and enrichment corrosive species. An experimental method has been developed study evolution morphology temperature gradients simulating conditions real superheater deposits. is based on applying synthetic mixtures an air-cooled corrosion probe, which inserted into a tub...

This paper presents the chemical and phase composition, microstructure, selected properties both at room temperature corresponding to expected operating conditions of three successive generations TiAl-based alloys (Ti-47Al-2W-0.5Si, Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.5(B,C), Ti-45Al-5Nb-2Cr-1Mo-0.5(B,C)-0.2Si) melted in a vacuum induction furnace with high-density isostatic pressed graphite crucibles. The obtained ...