the history of persia (iran) dates back 10,000 years. iranian history prior to the introduction of islam in 637 ad is classified as ancient persia but unfortunately, very little written evidence remains from that period. furthermore, there is little current investigative research on this period of iranian history, so it remains largely unclear, particularly in the case of medical scientific tho...

Previous studies have shown cyclic changes in the activation levels and performance of different tasks throughout the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to examine if changes in the reaction time to both light and sound stimuli may be associated with basal body temperature changes and subjective assessments of General and High Activation during the different phases of a menstrual cycle ...

BACKGROUND An increase in knee laxity during the menstrual cycle may increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether changing knee laxity during the menstrual cycle correlates with changing knee joint loads in a cutting manoeuvre. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Laboratory testing. PARTICIPANTS 25 healthy women, with a normal menstrual cycl...

OBJECTIVE To measure the plasma concentration of leptin, which is expressed in ovarian follicles and may have a reproductive function, in healthy women during the menstrual cycle. DESIGN This study included nine women with regular menstrual cycles (mean+/-S.E.M. age 28+/-2 years: body mass index 23.9+/-1.8 kg/m2). From the onset of menses, fasting blood samples were collected every 1-2 days t...

ariations in a number of human behaviors during the menstrual cycle are well known. The luteal phase, compared with the follicular phase, has a well-documented increase in the incidence of depression, accidents, hospital admission, suicidal thinking, and suicide. The immediate premenstrual and menstrual period in women is associated with an increased frequency of examination failure, work absen...

Hormonal changes associated with menstrual cycle are known to affect different organ systems. Fluctuation in the ovarian hormones during different phases of menstrual cycle – menstrual, follicular, and luteal phases may affect the cardiovascular and respiratory function in young healthy women. Seventy-five healthy Indian female subjects, 18-25 years old, from in and around Mangalore district we...

OBJECTIVES We conducted a pilot study to identify whether MRI parameters are sensitive to hormone-induced changes in the breast during the natural menstrual cycle and whether changes could also be observed during an oral contraceptive (OC) cycle. MATERIALS AND METHODS The New York University Langone Medical Center Institutional Review Board approved this HIPAA-compliant prospective study. All...

An association between serum carotenoid concentrations and risk for certain cancers has been observed in epidemiological studies. Determinants of serum carotenoid concentrations are known to include dietary intake, plasma lipid concentrations, and body mass. Menstrual cycle phase, which has not been adequately addressed in previous studies, has been suggested to be a possible additional factor ...

Recent observations indicate that sex and level of steroid hormones may influence cortical networks associated with specific cognitive functions, in particular visuo-spatial abilities. The present study probed the influence of sex, menstrual cycle, and sex steroid hormones on 3D mental rotation and brain function using 3-T fMRI. Twelve healthy women and 12 men were investigated. Menstrual cycle...

We investigated ratings of female voice attractiveness as a function of menstrual cycle phase. Women had their voices recorded at four different times during their menstrual cycle. Voice samples were categorized from low to high conception risk based on menstrual cycle phase and empirical pregnancy data. Results showed a significant increase in voice attractiveness ratings as the risk of concep...