Data sources Studies were identified by searching Medline (1970– 2001), EMBASE/Excerpta Medica (1974–2001), Biological Abstracts (1985–2001), British Nursing Index (1994–2001), CINAHL (1982–2001), PsycINFO (1970– 2001), Sociological Abstracts (1963–2001), Social Science Citation Index (1994–2001), ASSIA, the Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2001), the National Research Register (Issue 4, 2001), Disse...

The decision to approach or avoid an unfamiliar person is based in part on one's evaluation of facial expressions. Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) are characterized in part by an excessive desire to approach people, but they display deficits in identifying facial emotional expressions. Likert-scale ratings are generally used to examine approachability ratings in WS, but these measures o...

We suggest that working memory (WM) performance can be conceptualized as the interplay of low-level feature binding processes and top-down control, relating to posterior and frontal brain regions and their interaction in a distributed neural network. We propose that due to age-differential trajectories of posterior and frontal brain regions top-down control processes are not fully mature until ...

Indirect tests of memory assess the influence of recent experience on task performance without requiring awareness of remembering. Evidence concerning whether there are reliable age differences on such indicators of implicit memory has been inconsistent. This inconsistency may be related either to the low power of previous studies, or the contamination of indirect measures by conscious memory r...

Youth may be particularly attuned to social evaluation during the teen years with implications for physical and mental health. Negative attitudes and stereotypes constitute an important type of social evaluative threat. Pregnant and parenting teens not only encounter challenges associated with their early transition to parenthood, but also are confronted with unfavourable attitudes of others. A...

This study investigated the type and stability of temperament profiles in toddlers, and relations of profile probability to negative and positive parenting trajectories. Mothers (N = 96) rated their child's (41 girls and 54 boys) Sociability, Anger Proneness, and Activity Level four times during 1 year. The assessment of parenting included both maternal self-reports and observational measures. ...

OBJECTIVE This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between behavioral activation-inhibition systems and bullying-victimization behaviors among adolescents. METHOD This was a correlational and cross-sectional study. Two hundred and thirty school boys were selected randomly by multistage cluster sampling method, and participated in this research. This sample responded to a de...

AIMS This study examined the relationship between early organization of sleep-wake states and developmental outcome at 6-month-old premature infants. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective randomized study that evaluated the sleep-wake states of healthy premature infants in the nursery environment for two successive 72-h periods, at 32 and 36 weeks gestational age. SUBJECTS Thirty-four healthy...

OBJECTIVES To comprehensively examine the relationship between current sleep duration and past suicidal idea or attempt among Korean adolescents. METHODS Data came from the 2009 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey with 75 066 participants (with the participation rate of 97.6%) in 800 middle and high schools. Binary logistic regression was conducted by gender and depressed mood to ident...

According to a widely accepted constraint on the content of intentions, here called the exclusivity constraint, one cannot intend to perform another agent’s action, even if one might be able to intend that she performs it. For example, while one can intend that one’s guest leaves before midnight, one cannot intend to perform her act of leaving. However, Deborah Tollefsen’s (2005) account of joi...