Molecular geometries of some substituted (pyrroloamino)pyridines which possess anti-Alzheimer activity were optimized and potential-derived CHelpG point charges were computed using ab initio SCF molecular orbital approach employing the 3-21G basis set. AM1 molecular orbital calculations were performed using these optimized geometries and thus optimized Hybridization. Displacement Charges (HDC) ...

Ammonium transport proteins of the Mep/Amt/Rh family include microbial and plant Mep/Amt members, crucial for ammonium scavenging, and animal Rhesus factors likely involved in ammonium disposal. Recent structural information on two bacterial Mep/Amt proteins has revealed the presence, in the hydrophobic conducting pore, of a pair of preserved histidines proposed to play an important role in sub...

We aimed to determine whether postexercise depression of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) could be demonstrated without voluntary muscle activation in humans. Voluntary fatigue was induced with a 2-min maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. On another occasion, "electrical fatigue" was induced with trains of shocks delivered for 2 min over the FDI motor...

BACKGROUND Epilepsy is often complicated by depression requiring antidepressant treatment. Such treatment might be proconvulsive. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of the noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant mirtazapine on motor cortex excitability in epilepsy patients with depression and in healthy controls, using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). METHODS Seven clin...

OBJECTIVE To determine the intra- and inter-session reliability of motor evoked potential (MEP) size parameters in the lower limb of patients with stroke, focussing on the number of MEPs collected and the method of measuring MEP size. METHODS Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to elicit MEPs in the soleus muscle of patients with stroke (n=13) and age-matched healthy participants (n=13...

introduction: anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tdcs) of the primary motor cortex (m1) has been shown to be effective in increasing corticomotor excitability. 　methods: we investigated whether longer applications of a-tdcs coincide with greater increases in corticomotor excitability compared to shorter application of a-tdcs. ten right-handed healthy participants received one ses...

OBJECTIVES To investigate if intraoperative focused high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can localise the primary motor cortex without exposure of the cortical surface. METHODS A high frequency train (357 Hz) of four suprathreshold magnetic stimuli was delivered transcranially to the region of the rolandic area during brain tumour operations in 12 patients. To in...

Transcranial motor evoked potentials (MEPs) are useful for assessing the integrity of spinal cord motor tracts during major spine surgery. Anesthetic agents depress the amplitude of MEPs in a dose-dependant fashion. Anecdotal reports suggest that MEP responses degrade or ‘‘fade’’ over the duration of a surgery, despite unchanged anesthetic levels or other physiologic variables. This phenomenon ...

The principle of maximum entropy production (MEP) seeks to better understand a large variety of the Earth's environmental and ecological systems by postulating that processes far from thermodynamic equilibrium will 'adapt to steady states at which they dissipate energy and produce entropy at the maximum possible rate'. Our aim in this 'outside view', invited by Axel Kleidon, is to focus on what...