We introduce a family of proportional surplus division values for TU-games. Each value first assigns to each player compromise between her stand-alone worth and the average worths over all players, then allocates remaining among players in proportion their worths. This contains new egalitarian as two special cases. provide characterizations this values, well single family.

This paper examines the economic effects of investment in developing and introducing Almond Late Flowering Cultivars (ALFC) in a period of 52 years from 1968 to 2020, developed in Sahand Horticultural Research Station (SHRS), using the economic surplus model and field survey data. ALFC make almond supply curve move less to the left when there is a chilling case, thus affect the economic surplus...

The aim of the paper is to examine the behavior of insurance surplus over time for a portfolio of homogeneous life policies. We distinguish between stochastic and accounting surpluses and derive their first two moments. A recursive formula is proposed for calculating the distribution function of the accounting surplus. We then examine the probability that the accounting surplus becomes negative...