INTRODUCTION Practice-based research continues to evolve and has become a major methodology for many pragmatic studies. While early practice-based network projects were usually short term, current studies often introduce or compare practice innovations that require long-term evaluation. That change requires that practice sites remain engaged in research work for up to 5 years, a time that can a...

The Clinica Para Madres (Mother?s Clinic) opened in Tucson, Arizona, in December of 1934 as the first birth control [3] clinic in Arizona. After moving to Tucson, birth control [3] activist Margaret Sanger, along with a group of local philanthropic women, founded the clinic to provide Arizona women with contraception [4]. During the early 1900s in the US, contraception [4] was illegal under the...

In this research, we use a formal method comparison approach to construct a reference method for game production. First, we analyze four game production methods by using a meta-modelling technique: three documented methods and one method obtained via a case study at a game production company. By developing a super method, containing all activities and concepts of four analyzed methods, we compa...

Situational Methods Engineering aims to provide different approaches for constructing methods in function of projects on which they will be applied. One of the major issues in this area is to convince the professionals of the utility of such approaches. Indeed, companies are generally convinced that these approaches are too complex and too timeand resource-consuming. The method family concept h...

How can formal methods be applied to philosophical problems that involve informal concepts of ordinary language? Carnap answered this question by describing a methodology that he called “explication.” Strawson objected that explication changes the subject and does not address the original philosophical problem; this paper shows that Carnap’s response to that objection was inadequate and offers ...