Animal cells are affected by hydrodynamic forces that occur in culture vessel, transfer piping, and recovery operations such as microfiltration. Depending on the type, intensity, and duration of the force, and the specifics of the cell, the force may induce various kinds of responses in the subject cells. Both biochemical and physiological responses are observed, including apoptosis and purely ...

A novel oscillating bioreactor, BelloCell, was successfully applied for the cultivation of Vero cells using serum-free medium, and the production of Japanese encephalitis virus. The BelloCell requires no air sparging, pumping, or agitation, and thus provides a low shear environment. Owing to its simple design, BelloCell is extremely easy to handle and operate. Using this BelloCell (500 ml cultu...

Background The large-scale production of biopharmaceuticals commonly relies on the use of suspension cell cultures, since they provide higher yields than adherent cultures. However, most mammalian cells grow in adherent mode and therefore need to go through a process of adaptation to suspended growth, which is not always simple or feasible. In this context, microcarrier cultures have introduced...

Rotating bioreactors such as the High Aspect Ratio Vessel (HARV) provide a low shear and gentle mixing environment, ideal for mammalian cell culture in 3D. The HARV is a cylindrical “disc-shaped” batch culture vessel with no internal moving parts, that rotates about a single axis. Oxygenation is provided by a permeable silicon rubber membrane, allowing the diffusion of gases to and from the med...

A new method of inoculation of gladiolus with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was developed using the Bio-Rad Helios Gene Gun System. This method circumvents the traditional use of aphids to transmit CMV, a virus that is mechanically transmissible to many plant species but only with difficulty to gladiolus. Cartridges containing virus-coated gold microcarriers were prepared and the virus shot into ...

Natural product incorporation into microcarriers increases the bioavailability of these compounds, consequently improving their therapeutic properties. Natural products, particularly those from bees such as propolis, are widely used in popular medicine. Propolis is a powerful treatment for several diseases. In this context, the present study evaluated the effect of propolis Scaptotrigona sp. an...