this paper seeks to examine the current situation of development in the middle east and particularly the challenges ahead of the region in attaining sustainable development and human development in the near future. the elitist theory is adopted as the conceptual framework for the research, since in the absence of institutionalization, the attitudes and behavior of power-holders serve as valid g...

Throughout Africa, there has been a rising amount of civil unrest. The continent has been plagued with genocide, resource wars, ethnic conflict and civil war. In recent years, the world has seen multiple efforts to create peace throughout Africa. While there have been many peace accords signed throughout the region, the success of creating stable peace has not been achieved. In response to the ...

results we included 20 articles in our meta-analysis. the pooled hbsag prevalence in children of e and m countries was 2.73% (95% ci: %1.73% - 3.72%). the prevalence rates in the emro and middle eastern countries were 1.85% (95% ci: 1.27% - 2.43%) and 2.66% (95% ci: 1.31% - 4.01%), respectively. the prevalence rates amongst children in nations considered in more than one study were 0.81% (95% c...

conclusions in this study, phylogenetic reconstruction of hcv-1 sequences clearly indicated for molecular tracing and ancestral relationships of the hcv genotypes in iran, and showed the likelihood of domestic origin for hcv-1a and various origin for hcv-1b. evidence acquisition the phylogenetic analyses were performed based on the nucleotide sequences of ns5b gene of hcv genotype 1 (hcv-1), wh...

today, the middle east is in the grip of religious violence, causing the death of thousands and displacement of millions of the people of this region. to find the roots of religious violence, which has practically paralyzed lives of millions, it is necessary to study it through an interdisciplinary approach. religious violence involves many individual and collective aspects; psychology, persona...