BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The burden of TBI is greatest in low- and middle-income countries (LAMIC), yet little is known about patient outcomes in these settings. METHODS Complete data on 8927 patients from 46 countries from the corticosteroid randomization after significant head injury (CRASH) trial were analysed t...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical variables that predict functional and cognitive recovery at 1- and 6-month in both severe and moderate/mild traumatic brain injury patients. METHODS The subjects of this study were 82 traumatically brain-injured patients who were admitted to a Neurological Intensive Care Unit at a university hospital. Potential prognostic factors ...

Objective Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs commonly in children. Repeat computed tomography (CT) follow up of TBI patients is often scheduled to identify progressive hemorrhagic injury (PHI). However, the utility of repeated CT scans, especially in children with mild TBI [Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 13-15], has been debated. The purposes of the present study were to identify clinical ...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important problem of the healthcare system. A lPeading role in pathogenesis belongs to action shock wave upon skull and integuments, extending from impacted site, as well displacement rotation cerebral hemispheres relative fixed stem. As a result, cascade metabolic, biochemical inflammatory changes initiated, leading secondary damage. TBI, depending on its mec...

Introduction: Brain injury induces an almost immediate response from glial cells, especially astrocytes. Activation of astrocytes leads to the production of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species that may result in secondary neuronal damage. Melatonin is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, and it has been reported to exert neuroprotection through the prevention of neuronal d...

Keywords: Traumatic-Brain-Injury; Gait; Rehabilitation Purpose: The severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) ranges from mild (mTBI) to severe, with impairment in motor function across the spectrum. TBI can transcend acute (days weeks) chronic (months years) time periods, significantly impacting physical and quality life. Traditional functional assessment is based on subjective self-reporting e...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of death which affects millions of people around the world. TBI is also associated with various neurological impairments. After the primary mechanical injury at the moment of a TBI event, several cellular and molecular processes are activated within the brain tissue as the secondary injury. An important mechanism involved in the secondary injury of...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury type among Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) veterans, and headaches are a frequent consequence of TBI. We examined the hypothesis that among veterans who reported mild TBI caused by exposure to an explosion during deployment in OIF/OEF, those with residual neurocognitive deficits would have a higher frequency of headach...

BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a concern of contemporary military deployments. Whether milder TBI leads to enduring impairment remains controversial. AIMS To determine the influence of deployment TBI, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms on neuropsychological and functional outcomes. METHOD A sample of 760 US Army soldiers were assessed pre- and post...

Most traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) that occur every year are classified as "mild." Individuals involved in high-risk activities may sustain multiple mild TBIs. We evaluated the acute physiologic and histopathologic consequences of mild TBI in a mouse model, comparing sham injury, single impact, or 5 impacts at a 24- or 48-hour interinjury interval. A single closed skull impact resulted in bil...