Background/objective: Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a metabolite of the aflatoxin B1 found in the liver of livestock, as a result of feeding livestock with contaminated food. Certain species of Aspergillus are responsible for producing aflatoxin. The present study was performed to evaluate the measurement of AFM1, by ELISA method, in milk samples collected from dairy farms of Shahre Ghods, Shahriar (T...

medical compounds, especially antibiotics, in which remains in milk and dairy products on the one hand causes health problems such as allergic reactions and Development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics are a serious threat to the health of consumers , and on the other hand, industrial troubles such as failure to produce fermented products can cause the milk back to the rancher. The purpos...

BACKGROUND A major food safety incident in China was made public in September 2008. Kidney and urinary tract effects, including kidney stones, affected about 300,000 Chinese infants and young children, with six reported deaths. Melamine had been deliberately added at milk-collecting stations to diluted raw milk ostensibly to boost its protein content. Subsequently, melamine has been detected in...

Understanding the Maxam-Gilbert and Sanger sequencing as the first generation, in recent years there has been an explosion of newly-developed sequencing strategies, which are usually referred to as next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. NGS techniques have high-throughputs and produce thousands or even millions of sequences at the same time. These sequences allow for the accurate identifi...

The immunoglobulins of bovine colostrum provide the major antimicrobial protection against microbial infections and confer a passive immunity to the newborn calf until its own immune system matures. The concentration in colostrum of specific antibodies against pathogens can be raised by immunising cows with these pathogens or their antigens. Immune milk products are preparations made of such hy...

Indian dairy industry can be divided into two types of enterprises: Liquid Milk and Milk Products. In the procurement and marketing of liquid milk, there is strong presence of co-operative and traditional private channels though the organised sector private enterprises also exist. The packaged liquid milk market alone is of the order of Rs. 12, 000 crore and has been growing at the rate of 10 p...

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