The use of miniature swine as a non-rodent species in safety assessment has continued to expand for over a decade and their use has become routine, particularly in pharmacology as a model for human integumentary diseases. Translational preclinical swine study data are now favorably compared and contrasted to human data, and miniature swine models provide important information in dermal safety a...

To compare the identity of the primary structure of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 between miniature pigs and humans, two cDNA clones, coding for miniature pig CYP2D21 and CYP3A22, were isolated. The deduced amino acid sequences of CYP2D21 and CYP3A22 were 78.3 and 75.0% identical to human CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, respectively. These values were nearly the same as those of bovine, dog, and some ro...

The use of the miniature swine as a nonrodent species in research has continued to expand for over a decade, and they are becoming routinely used both in experimental pharmacology and as a therapeutic model for human diseases. Miniature swine models are regularly used for studies designed to assess efficacy and safety of new therapeutic compounds given through different routes of exposure and a...

This paper describes a new driving mechanism for a miniature robot hand. In developing miniature robot hands for dexterous manipulation, it is necessary to consider miniaturizing and minimalizing. The proposed mechanism uses elastic torsion springs and hinges as joints, and the finger is wire-driven from actuators placed outside the robot hand. First, the driving mechanism of a one joint finger...

The World in Miniature (WIM) metaphor allows users to interact and travel efficiently in virtual environments. In addition to the first-person perspective offered by typical VR applications, the WIM offers a second dynamic viewpoint through a hand-held miniature copy of the virtual environment. In the original WIM paper the miniature was a scaled down replica of the whole environment, thus limi...

This paper focuses on the variation in extraction-ion beam performances in a miniature ion engine due to grid erosion. Because speed and cost are very important issues in microspacecraft development, we replace time-consuming grid wear tests with numerical simulations using the JAXA Ion Engine Development Initiatives (JIEDI) tool. By comparing the results obtained for a miniature ion engine wit...

Onsite molecular diagnostics can revolutionize fecal pollution source tracking. We aimed to validate a method for onsite qPCR assays with miniature speaker-sized Q instrument and other portable equipment items. showed that marker genes total bacteria (16S) E. coli (rodA) in 100 mL of river water measured this agreed within ±0.3 log10 units results obtained when using conventional laboratory the...

For achieving the development of a portable, low-cost and in vivo cancer diagnosis instrument, a laser 785 nm miniature Raman spectrometer was used to acquire the Raman spectra for breast cancer detection in this paper. However, because of the low spectral signal-to-noise ratio, it is difficult to achieve high discrimination accuracy by using the miniature Raman spectrometer. Therefore, a patte...

Miniature Text to Speech (TTS) systems are broadly applied to embedded system and speech chip, where limited resource requires the corpus to be relatively small and the computing complexity to be low. In general, speech synthesized by conventional miniature TTS systems lacks naturalness due to the limitation of corpus size. In this paper, a method of automatic building a small corpus from a lar...