human t lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) is a retrovirus which is associated with adult t cells leukaemia (atl) and htlv-i-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp) in a minority of htlv-i-infected individuals. it is not clear why a minority of htlv-i-infected individuals develop ham/tsp and majority remains lifelong carriers. it seems that the interaction between the virus...

according to the preamble of the framework convention for the protection of national minorities (which entered into force on february 1, 1998) minority rights are an integral part of fundamental human rights. universal level that taken on great importance in addressing the challenges of minority protection in evolving and increasingly diverse societies. so, this survey has an analytical appro...

some issues; leakage, tunneling currents, boron diffusion are threatening sio2 to be used as a good gate dielectric for the future of the cmos (complementary metal- oxide- semiconductor) transistors. for finding an alternative and novel gate dielectric, the nio (nickel oxide) and pva (polyvinyl alcohol) nano powders were synthesized with the sol-gel method and their nano structural properties w...

Novel digital technologies always lead to high density and very low power consumption. One of these concepts is Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA), which is one of the new emerging nanotechnology-based on Coulomb repulsion. This article presents three architectures of logical “XOR” gate, a novel structure of two inputs “XOR” gate, which is used as a module to implement four inputs “XOR” gate a...

Poly-SiGe is investigated as the gate material for CMOS transistors with ultra-thin Hf02 gate dielectric. Compared with polySi, poly-SiGe reduces the gate depletion effect, and also results in thinner EOT of the gate dielectric after 1000°C annealing, with low gate leakage maintained. The Si interface quality is also better than that achieved with surface nitridation, which has been used to red...

This study examined differences in minority status stress, impostor feelings, and mental health in a sample of 240 ethnic minority college students. African Americans reported higher minority status stress than Asian Americans and Latino/a Americans, whereas Asian Americans reported higher impostor feelings. Minority status stress and impostor feelings were examined as predictors of mental heal...

DNA gyrase introduces negative supercoils into DNA in an ATP-dependent reaction. DNA supercoiling is catalyzed by a strand-passage mechanism, in which a T-segment of DNA is passed through the gap in a transiently cleaved G-segment. Strand passage requires the coordinated closing and opening of three protein interfaces in gyrase, the N-gate, DNA-gate, and C-gate. We show here that DNA binding to...

The gate-oxide (aka gate tunneling or gate) leakage due to quantum-mechanical direct tunneling of carriers across the gate dielectric of a device is a major source power dissipation for sub-65nm CMOS circuits. In this paper a high-level (aka architecture) synthesis algorithm is presented that simultaneously schedules operations and binds to modules for gate leakage optimization. The algorithm u...

quantum-dot cellular automata (qca) has low power consumption and high density and regularity. qca widely supports the new devices designed for nanotechnology. application of qca technology as an alternative method for cmos technology on nano-scale shows a promising future. this paper presents successful designing, layout and analysis of multiplexer with a new structure in qca technique. in thi...