The human respiratory system is the gateway of entry for inhaled detritus from anthropogenic (e.g. combustionderived (CD) particulate matter (PM; e.g. diesel exhaust and wood-burning PM). Adult humans inhale 20m 3 of air and suspended debris (gases and particles) into the airways daily. Inhalation exposure to CDPM (Figure 1) is known to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality of lung and h...

Background Asthma is a chronic condition described by inflammation of the airways and lungs. Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major contributor to ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution. There is rising evidence that PM acts as adjuvant on the immune responses and may lead to augmentation of allergic inflammation [1,2]. We aim to elucidate if DE increases allergen-induced inflammation and cellul...

Background and aims Exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution during pregnancy may affect human fetal development. Epigenetic mechanisms are believed to play an essential role in the developmental changes during early life. Within the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort, we investigated whether in utero exposure to PM is associated with differences in placental DNA methylation of genes involved in ...

Abstract. Condensable particulate matter (CPM) emitted from stationary combustion and mobile sources exhibits high emissions a large proportion of organic components. However, CPM is not generally measured when conducting emission surveys PM in most countries, including China. Consequently, previous inventories have included rates for CPM. Here, we construct an inventory China with focus on aer...

We evaluated the association between mortality outcomes in elderly individuals and particulate matter (PM) of varying aerodynamic diameters (in micrometers) [PM(10), PM(2.5), and PM(CF )(PM(10) minus PM(2.5))], and selected particulate and gaseous phase pollutants in Phoenix, Arizona, using 3 years of daily data (1995-1997). Although source apportionment and epidemiologic methods have been prev...

Particulate matter significantly contributes to environmental pollution, negatively affects human health and irreparably damages all living things. The purpose of the research is help determine concentration particulate in metropolitan areas. Three measuring stations a city central Slovakia were selected for research. sites located at main bus terminal, near primary schools, railway crossing. E...

Atmospheric particulate matter ( e.g. , PM 2.5 ) contributes to deteriorating air quality, causes respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, risks human health.

Ambient particulate matter has been associated consistently with an increased risk for mortality largely due to cardiovascular diseases.1 Although the relative risk estimates from epidemiological studies are small, they apply to almost the entire population of the United States. Consequently, exposure to ambient particles produces considerable burden of disease, and its mitigation offers the be...

A key question in developing effective mitigation strategies for ozone and particulate matter is identifying which source regions contribute to concentrations in receptor regions. Using a direct approach with a regional, multiscale three-dimensional model, we derive multiple sourcereceptor matrices (S-Rs) to show interand intrastate impacts of emissions on both ozone and PM2.5 over the eastern ...

In recent years, much attention has been given to the human health eeects of atmospheric pollutants, especially particulate matter. This has been the focus of particularly heated debate in the USA, as new regulations introduced in 1997 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) have considerably tightened the existing standard. Similar regulations are also being considered by ...