Carbohydrates and fats can be given freely to the patient with renal failure, but proteins should be prohibited, and minerals and water greatly restricted. Thiswas the basis of Bull's Infamous regime, a nauseating concoction of olive oil and glucose, which was administered orally or via an intragastric route, and, if it induced vomiting, the vomitus was strained and given again. More palatable ...

Clay, as a rock term, describes a soft, loose, earthy material containing particles with an average grain size of less than than 0.004 mm (4 mm) in the Wentworth grain size scale and less than 0.002 mm (2 mm) in most soil investigations. Clay is composed mostly of clay minerals, but may also contain quartz, feldspar, carbonates, ferruginous material, and other non-clay materials. All clays, apa...

The composition and pressure of the martian atmosphere allows solar ultraviolet photons as short as 190 nm to penetrate to the surface. The effects of UV photons on the hydration state of minerals has been investigated in the past with mixed results. Andersen and Huguenin [1977] proposed that photons with wavelengths shorter than 280 nm release water from goethite by ejecting OHgroups which sub...

In this study we use economic input-output analysis to calculate the inequality footprint of nations. An inequality footprint shows the link that each country's domestic economic activity has to income distribution elsewhere in the world. To this end we use employment and household income accounts for 187 countries and an historical time series dating back to 1990. Our results show that in 2010...

Milk is an almost complete single food and the more important contributions milk and milk products make to our daily needs for energy, protein, calcium and certain vitamins are summarized in Table I. Besides its general role as an important component of the mixed diets eaten by most of the population, cow's milk has a special value in infant nutrition through serving as the source of most of th...

Minerals can be divided into two main categories, 1) macro-minerals and 2) micro or trace minerals. Macro minerals are minerals that are needed/required in relatively large amounts in comparison to micro or trace elements which are needed/required in relatively small amounts. In general macro minerals are required at concentrations greater than 100 ppm of the diet and are often expressed as a p...

Mineralogical and chemical variations were studied in the upper half of a 1 m thick discontinuous bentonite bed interlaminated in the Lower Cenomanian sedimentary formations of the northern Aquitaine basin (France). X-ray diffraction patterns obtained from the <2 μm fraction in the Ca and K-saturated states were decomposed and compared to those calculated from decomposition parameters. They rev...

Loess may be integrated into slope deposits at different soil depths and influence related physical, chemical mineralogical properties. Therefore, tracking the border between deposited loess underlying materials estimating depth of penetration is a challenge. Five soils from Lower Silesia province in south-western Poland having types geologic substrate being covered by various thicknesses were ...