OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize treatment patterns and burden of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET). METHODS Using 2 claims databases, we identified patients with PNET initiating targeted therapy (everolimus, sunitinib) or chemotherapy from 2009 to 2012. The first targeted/cytotoxic therapy was considered index treatment. Treatment patterns were graphically evaluated ...

Angioedema is a rare but potentially serious complication of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE) use. We conducted a study to estimate incidence of ACE-related angioedema and explore its determinants in a large racially diverse patient population. We used linked medical and pharmacy records to identify all patients in the US Veterans Affairs Health Care System from April 1999 through ...

*TUC Centenary Institute of Occupational Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St., London WC1E-7HT, England. the types of promoter listed have not been demonstrated as such by animal experiments, but if a substance is a carcinogenic but not mutagenic, then it is most probably a tumor promoter. This assumes that mutagens are initiators and that promoters can induce cance...

BACKGROUND Dityrosine crosslinking in proteins is a bioinspired method of forming hydrogels. This study compares oxidative enzyme initiators for their relative crosslinking efficiency and cytocompatibility using the same phenol group and the same material platform. Four common enzyme and enzyme-like oxidative initiators were probed for resulting material properties and cell viability post-encap...

This paper reviews the development of dental adhesives by collating information of related studies from original scientific papers, reviews, and patent literatures. Through our development, novel radical polymerization initiators, adhesive monomers, and microcapsules were synthesized, and their effects on adhesion were investigated. It was found that 5-monosubstituted barbituric acid (5-MSBA)-c...

The synthesis of well-defined polymer architectures is of major importance for the development of complex functional materials. In this contribution, we discuss the synthesis of a range of multifunctional star-shaped tosylates as potential initiators for the living cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of 2-oxazolines resulting in star-shaped polymers. The synthesis of the tosylates was p...

BACKGROUND There is conflicting evidence on the reduction of cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients treated with oral antidiabetic agents. OBJECTIVES To compare the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary revascularization (CR) in type 2 diabetic patients treated with rosiglitazone, metformin, or sulfonylurea. METHODS Using data from a large US insurer, we created propensity-match...

The human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene and mismatch repair protein 1 (MRP1) genes are organized in a head-to-head configuration separated by an 90 base pair sequence. We have previously shown that as small as a 114 bp promoter sequences is sufficient for accurate and efficient initiation of divergent transcription. In this study, the mechanism of accurate transcription initiation in vivo...

Sodium benzanilide (Na(+)BA(-)) initiators have opened a new route to living anionic polymerization of n-hexylisocyanate (HIC) with 100% yield and controlled molecular weight. The NaBA initiators not only provide initiation points for polymerization by attacking HIC monomers but also successfully prevent back-biting side reactions without any help from additives. Our hypothesis on this dual fun...