Downlink beamforming is the limiting factor in the application of adaptive antennas in cellular mobile communication systems. Directing nulls of the antenna pattern to active mobiles in the downlink will be impractical in the case of packet data transmission. But in the evolution of 2 generation mobile communication systems packet switched data transmission (e.g. GPRS/EGPRS in GSM Phase 2+) and...

This paper provides an overview of the evolutionary path of mobile/terrestrial cellular standards, leading up to the now defined third-generation cellular standards. Commercial mobile cellular systems first became available in the early 1980’s. These first systems were deployed, utilizing analog technology over circuitswitched networks. They had very limited features, poor voice quality, and li...

Consumers are demanding world-wide cellular access to the internet. This requires a global standard and effective means of accessing the internet from wireless devices . Integrating the two successful domains, viz, cellular networks and the Internet, provide anytime, anywhere access in third generation (3G) cellular networks. In this paper a hierarchical architecture for integration of cellular...

mri workers are occupationally exposed to static and time-varying gradient magnetic fields.  while the 24-hour time-averaged exposure to static magnetic fields is about a few mt, the maximum static field strength can be as high as 500 mt during patient set up. over the past several years, our lab has performed extensive experiments on the health effects of exposure of animal models and humans t...

In this article, the author has discussed about the Mobile Augmented Reality and enhancing education through it. The aim of the present study was to give some general information about mobile augmented reality which helps to boost education. Purpose of the current study reveals the mobile networks which are used in the institution campus as well as university. Also, this study discusses the way...

This paper targets mobile telemedicine applications that can be supported using third generation (3G) cellular networks, to provide highly flexible medical services. On the other hand, large-scale Ad hoc Sensor Networks (ASN), when deployed among mobile patients who may carry different kinds of micro-sensors to measure ECG, blood pressure, basal temperature or other physiological data, can prov...

In parallel to the increase of various mobile technologies, the mobile social network (MSN) service has brought us into an era of mobile social big data, where people are creating new social data every second and everywhere. It is of vital importance for businesses, government, and institutes to understand how peoples’ behaviors in the online cyberspace can affect the underlying computer networ...

This research focuses on providing pervasive data access to mobile users without support of cellular or Internet infrastructure. Two mobile users are able to communicate and share data with each other whenever they opportunistically move into the Bluetooth communication range of their smartphones. We designed and implemented our system on Android-based smartphones, and deployed our system to st...

It is very challenging to implement the envisioned beyond 3G and 4G based on the conventional cellular network architecture. So a central controlled peer-to-peer network architecture is proposed, which is based on the cooperation of coexisting heterogeneous wireless networks. In the advocated architecture, the mobile terminal is capable of cellular reception of data which is then forwarded or s...