The sudden development of urbanization in cities consequently affects the degree motorization population. Due to imbalance between traffic demands and supply, cities, especially their central city zones (CZ), face problem congestion. Management by applying congestion pricing policy (CP) can significantly contribute reducing its negative impacts. However, after insufficient public political supp...

In the performance evaluation of a protocol for an ad hoc network, the protocol should be tested under realistic conditions including, but not limited to, a sensible transmission range, limited buffer space for the storage of messages, representative data traffic models, and realistic movements of the mobile users (i.e., a mobility model). This paper is a survey of mobility models that are used...

The personal communications services (PCSs) systems can provide ubiquitous and customized services. The key issue, which affects the performance of the whole system, is the location management. In this paper, we propose a region-based location strategy by taking advantage of the user’s movement behavior to improve the performance of the conventional systems. Each mobile user is associated with ...