The capacity of hunters to shape the fundamental properties of their lifestyle at times when extrinsic factors change the availability of subsistence foods is critical to subsistence cultures. Recent changes in deer hunting on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska illustrate the social-ecological challenges to the resilience of a rural subsistence hunting system and raise the broader question of wheth...

Traditionally, the possibility of Giffen behavior has been motivated by an argument similar to Marshall’s. We will argue that the need to maintain subsistence consumption is the critical factor leading to Giffen behavior, drawing connections between Marshall’s verbal argument, two mathematical models of the situation, and the graphical analysis found in microeconomics textbooks. Although much o...

We present the results of a detailed taphonomic and zooarchaeological study of the faunal remains from the late Middle Palaeolithic (LMP) and early Upper Palaeolithic (EUP) bone assemblage of Ortvale Klde, Georgian Republic. A series of taphonomic tests and analyses are employed to reconstruct the depositional history of the bone assemblage and investigate LMP (Neanderthal) and EUP (Modern huma...

in the present paper, resonant frequencies and modes of a three-atom photonic molecule and a photonic crystal placed within a cavity are numerically calculated. first, governing formulation in transverse electric field mode (te) is obtained using maxwell equations. then, an algorithm based on a finite difference scheme and matrix algebra is presented. the algorithm is then implemented in a comp...

as it has proven the increase of mechanical strain could resulted to increase of bnp (protein brain natriuretic peptide) in blood stream of implanted patient pacemakers. we measured the bnp concentration in blood due to different mode and lead implantation location of pacemaker in the time period of three month. the aim of study was the investigation of change trend of bnp level after pacemaker...