This chapter first provides an introduction to the physical communication links that constitute the building blocks of data networks. The major focus of the chapter is then data link control (i.e., the point-to-point protocols needed to control the passage of data over a communication link). Finally, a number of point-to-point protocols at the network, transport, and physical layers are discuss...

On December 31, 2000, Enron’s market value was $75.2 billion, while its book value (balance sheet equity) was $11.5 billion. The market-to-book gap of almost $64 billion, while not equal to the value of intangibles (it reflects, among other things, differences between current and historical-cost values of physical assets), appears to indicate that Enron had substantial intangibles just half a y...

Crashworthiness can be defined as the ability of an aircraft and its internal systems to protect occupants from injury in the event of a crash. In general, injury in aircraft crashes can be considered to arise from three distinct sources: (1) excessive acceleration forces; (2) direct trauma from contact with injurious surfaces, and; (3) exposure to environmental factors such as fire, smoke, wat...

Modem geology was founded by James Hutton at the end of the 18th cenhuy as an observational, descriptive, qualitative, and subjective science. It was the pioneer work of Pearson (1901) and Spearman (1904) in statistics applied to agriculture, biology, medicine, and psychology, that led to the first major inroads of quantitative techniques in geology and the models they used were above all stati...

Reflection on the method of science has become increasingly thinner since Kant. If there’s any upshot of that part of modem philosophy, it’s that the scientists didn’t have a secret. There isn’t something there that’s either effable or ineffable. To understand how they do what they do is pretty much like understanding how any other bunch of skilled craftsmen do what they do. Kuhn’s reduction of...

height of Stalin's repressive policies. The increased persecution of homosexuals following de-Stalinization is also puzzling given the generally more liberal climate that existed in the country under Khrushchev. As the author himself recognizes, much work still needs to be done to further our understanding of sexual politics and the treatment of sexual dissent in the Soviet Union, as well as th...

Abstract This document looks into the ability of the DOCSIS MAC protocol to recover from service disruption events such as unexpected shut down due to power failure. The issue is that unlike normal operation a large number of modems will attempt to range simultaneously as soon as service is restored. Modem populations up to 200 were used. The results presented in this study are applicable for F...

Modem theorizing on goals is applied to an analysis of the implementation and the emergencc of health goals. First, a model of action phases and its concomitant concepts ofimplemental mindsets and implementation intentions (Gollwitzer, 1990; 1993) are used to explore how the initiation of health goal directed behaviors can be facilitated and how the performance of health goal directed actions i...

Symbolic computing can facilitate the application of modem nontinear system anatysis and design methods to engineering problems. Reasonably complex models can be efficiently assembled and manipulated. In this paper we illustrate the symbolic constnrction and manipulation of a model of an undersea vehicle. While the system cmrsidered here is within the reafm of hand assembly, doing so is tedious...