The microcanonical ensemble is the proper ensemble to describe black holes which are not in thermodynamic equilibrium, such as radiating black holes. This choice of ensemble eliminates the problems, e.g., negative specific heat (not allowed in the canonical ensemble) and loss of unitarity, encountered when the canonical ensemble is used. In this review we present an overview of the weaknesses o...

This work presents a theoretical analysis for the Black–Scholes equation. Given a terminal condition, the analytical solution of the Black–Scholes equation is obtained by using the Adomian approximate decomposition technique. The mathematical technique employed in this work also has significance in studying some other problems in finance theory.

We study thermodynamic state-space geometry of the black holes in string theory and M -theory. For a large number of microstates, we analyze the intrinsic state-space geometry for (i) extremal and non-extremal black branes in string theory, (ii) multi-centered black brane configurations, (iv) small black holes with fractional branes, and (v) fuzzy rings in the setup of Mathur’s fuzzballs and su...

In this article, the authors examine the conceptualisation of Psychology of Black Identity as a multidimensional and a dynamic construct that develops over time through a process of exploration and commitment. The design of the current paper was a conceptual work based on reviewed literature ranging from the early 1930s to present (2010). The authors review research on Psychology of Black Ident...

The option pricing problem is one of central contents in modern finance. In this paper, European option pricing formula is formulated for fuzzy financial market and some mathematical properties of them are discussed. This formula may be regarded as the fuzzy counterpart of Black-Scholes option pricing formula. In addition, some illustrative examples are also documented with MATLAB codes. c ©200...

We establish the existence of hairy black holes in su(N) Einstein-Yang-Mills theories, described by one discrete and N − 2 continuous parameters.

In [3] it was shown that by writing the solution of the Black-Scholes partial differential equation on a small set of basis functions the computing time can be dramatically reduced. In this study we explore the generalization of the technique to basket options.

This paper uses risk-adjusted lognormal probabilities to derive the BlackScholes formula and explain the factors N(d1) and N(d2). It also shows how the one-period and multi-period binomial option pricing formulas can be restated so that they involve analogues of N(d1) and N(d2) which have the same interpretation as in the Black-Scholes model. Cet article utilise les probabilités lognormaux corr...

A better understanding of the empirical dynamics of Black-Scholes implied volatility surface has long been of considerable interest to both practitioners and academics. Basing on some findings about the ad hoc Black-Scholes valuation approach suggested in Dumas, Flemming and Whaley (1998), this essay studies the empirical performance of various volatility function forms that characterize the re...

We elaborate on a new technique for computing properties of nucleon-nucleon interactions in terms of an effective field theory derived from low energy NN scattering data. Details of how the expansion is carried out to higher orders are presented. Analytic formulae are given for the amplitude to subleading order in both the S0 and S1 − D1 channels.