In this paper a flexible radio approach for opportunistic access to the television white space (TVWS) is presented. Requirement stems from the coexistence scheme used in this band between opportunistic transmission and TV broadcast signals (or wireless microphones). To ensure nonharmful interference of the TVWS signal on the incumbent services, a high adjacent leakage power ratio (ACLR) is expe...

In this paper we propose a multi-set modulation technique to increase the hiding capacity within a binary document image. As part of this technique we propose an Automatic Threshold Calculation and Threshold Buffering, Shifted Space Distribution and Letter Space Compensation technique. The Automatic Threshold Calculation is used to distinguish word spaces from letter spaces. The Threshold Buffe...

transfer matrix method (tmm) has been applied to analyze characteristics of semiconductor laser optical amplifiers. the input signal is sinusoidal modulating wave and we do not assume the modulating bias signal as well. we have shown that the distoration arises from gain modulation at low modulation frequencies, but in microwave modulation frequencies, the gain takes an average value and the re...