This paper numerically investigates the application induction heating in weld-based additive manufacturing to reduce residual stresses. To avoid time-consuming transient electromagnetic calculation, the induction heat is assumed to be constant in the arc coordinate. Thermo-electromagnetic coupling analysis is performed only at a typical time to obtain the representative distribution of inductio...

The timing of 503 solar flares observed simultaneously in hard X-rays, soft X-rays and Hα is analyzed. We investigated the start and the peak time differences in different wavelengths, as well as the differences between the end of the hard X-ray emission and the maximum of the soft X-ray and Hα emission. In more than 90% of the analyzed events, a thermal preheating seen in soft X-rays is presen...

One of the fundamental problems of modern cosmology is to explain the origin of all the matter and radiation in the Universe today. The inflationary model predicts that the oscillations of the scalar field at the end of inflation will convert the coherent energy density of the inflaton into a large number of particles, responsible for the present entropy of the Universe. The transition from the...

We consider a curvaton scenario in which the late-time domination and the generation of the curvature perturbation is achieved by a non-oscillatory (NO) curvaton potential. Instead of considering the conventional curvaton oscillation, we consider “weak trapping” after preheating, which modifies the evolution of the curvaton density after preheating. The primordial isocurvature perturbation rela...

1 Optimal preheating of an espresso cup At time t = 0, boiling water (that is, water with temperature 100 ◦C) is poured into an espresso cup; after P seconds (the preheating time), the water is poured out, and espresso, with initial temperature 95 ◦C, is poured in. (You can assume that these pouring operations occur instantaneously.) The espresso is then consumed exactly 15 s later (yes, instan...

The following issues are considered: the role of hot heel in scrap melting by electric arcs in the furnace freeboard; advantages and disadvantages of furnaces with a single charging and those with a telescoping shell; Specifics of furnace scrap hampering its heating by burners. The possibilities of using different types of burners for scrap heating are analyzed including stationary burners and ...