Abstract Thousands of studies have examined party competition in the American states, finding significant consequences for voter turnout, policy adoptions, and more. Long-term patterns control received less attention. Here, we reexamine operationalization competition. We then update Klarner’s state partisan balance data to include house senate composition gubernatorial vote share since 1930s, a...

We experimentally examine the effects of flexible and fixed prices in markets for experience goods in which demand is driven by trust. With flexible prices, we observe low prices and high quality in competitive (oligopolistic) markets, and high prices coupled with low quality in non-competitive (monopolistic) markets. We then introduce a regulated intermediate price above the oligopoly price an...

Few would argue that economic growth is the sole aim of society or, as conventionally measured, it is always an unmitigated blessing. Development can brings with it a degradation of the environment and the narrowing of ecological diversity. Certain industries, although not many, are natural monopolies or at best unstable oligopolies feared by the public as taking advantage of their privileged p...

Due to a variety of political, economic, and technological factors, many national electricity industries around the globe are transforming from non-competitive monopolies with centralized systems to decentralized operations with competitive business units. This process, commonly referred to as deregulation (or liberalization) is driven by the belief that a monopolistic industry fails to achieve...

Popular texts typically assert that guilds of craftsmen `̀ monopolized’ ’ markets in medieval England. Norman Cantor’s Medieval Reader declares `̀ craft guilds’ . . . main purpose and activity was narrow regulation of industrial productivity in order to restrain competition’ ’ (Cantor 1994, p. 278). Douglass North’s Structure and Change in Economic History asserts `̀ . . . guilds organized to prot...

Abstract The theory of strategic trade policy came into being in the early 1980s. It addressed question how a country can increase its own economic welfare through state intervention case oligopolistic world markets. Today, there are many reasons that justify government foreign trade: Cluster risks importing raw materials and intermediate inputs, different responses to negative externalities gr...