background: according to previous studies there are some different opinions on the pre-emptive effects of paracetamol in controlling post-operative pain, we aimed to compare the analgesic effects of pre-emptive paracetamol with post-operative paracetamol and morphine in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty. materials and methods: a hundred and six patients aged 15 to 50 were divided into 3 grou...

BACKGROUND Children and infants with impaired swallow or compromised enteral absorption require alternative routes for administration of analgesia. Recent clinical guidance and practice for paediatric palliative care teams, who often treat such children, supports buccal morphine sulphate as a fast acting, effective and easily administered agent for pain relief. However, a consideration of the p...

Chronic morphine exposure results in degradation of the functional properties of cortical cells. However, little evidence has been reported about the effect of morphine on the temporal properties of the visual system. We compared the visual response latency of different cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in morphine (10 mg/mL)- and saline-treated cats. Morphine-treated cats were give...

This study was designed to assess the effects of morphine sulfate on glucose kinetics and on glucoregulatory hormones in conscious overnight fasted dogs. One group of experiments established a dose-response range. We studied the mechanisms of morphine-induced hyperglycemia in a second group. We also examined the effect of low dose morphine on glucose kinetics independent of changes in the endoc...

Acute pain management in opioid dependent patients remains a challenging and complex problem and it is becoming more common (1). In the acute pain setting, in addition to their daily opioid maintenance these patients need a multimodal approach (1). Imani et al. in their study have shown that instead of simply increasing the dosage of morphine, using morphine in addition to chlorpromazine, prome...

Morphine is the archetypal opioid analgesic. Because it is a short-acting opioid, its use has been limited to the management of acute pain. The development of extended-release formulations have resulted in the increased utilization of morphine in chronic pain conditions. This review documents the history of morphine use in pain treatment, and describes the metabolism, pharmacodynamics, formulat...

Example 1: After major surgery, a patient is allowed to operate an infusion pump with potentially lethal pain killers (patient controlled analgesia (PCA)). When pain is severe, the patient can push a button to get more painrelieving medication, e.g., morphine sulfate. This is an example of a safety critical device operated by an impossible to verify component, the patient. Nevertheless, the PCA...

Exposure to opiates such as morphine can lead to psychological and physical dependence in both adult and infant humans. Infant rats experience opiate withdrawal behaviors that are qualitatively different from the withdrawal behaviors displayed by adult rats. In the adult, withdrawal is largely mediated by the mu-opioid receptor. We sought to understand more about what role each opioid receptor ...

The absorption of morphine sulphate, given orally as a controlled release preparation, was studied in 10 patients who had undergone peripheral vascular surgery with a standard opioid-based general anaesthetic technique. Serum morphine concentrations were measured (high pressure liquid chromatography) every 2 h for the first 16 h after surgery and the results were strongly suggestive of a decrea...

Background: The ventral striatum is an integrated drug reward and addiction center. Objectives: We aimed to examine changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines subsequent the expression of biologically-relevant genes neuroinflammation response frequent morphine exposure. Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats were divided into two experimental groups, a control, morphine-treated group, receiving eight day...