Person descriptions often lack the level of detail necessary to assist in apprehension a perpetrator. To date, it is not clear how person are obtained by frontline police officers. Worldwide, many forces now use body worn video (BWV), which provides unique opportunity examine officers gather from witnesses. We examined (N = 207) were elicited officers, with particular focus on types questions u...

Static type errors are a common stumbling block for newcomers to typed functional languages. We present a dynamic approach to explaining type errors by generating counterexample witness inputs that illustrate how an ill-typed program goes wrong. First, given an ill-typed function, we symbolically execute the body to synthesize witness values that make the program go wrong. We prove that our pro...

Investigations after critical events often depend on accurate and detailed recall accounts from operational witnesses (e.g., law enforcement officers, military personnel, and emergency responders). However, the challenging, and often stressful, nature of such events, together with the cognitive demands imposed on operational witnesses as a function of their active role, may impair subsequent re...

This paper presents a general space-efficient method for error reduction for unitary quantum computation. Consider a polynomial-time quantum computation with completeness c and soundness s, either with or without a witness (corresponding to QMA and BQP, respectively). To convert this computation into a new computation with error at most 2−p, the most space-efficient method known requires extra ...

This second collection of essays-a sequel to The double face of Janus (1977)-brings together some of the most influential articles written by the late Owsei Temkin, one of our most distinguished medical historians. The first two chapters are new, the first biographical in character, and the second a new translation and commentary of the Hippocratic Oath. Temkin lived long enough to become his o...

Kautz, in the above paper' has presented a method of correcting single errors in SIB3 codes that does not displace the count by more than two counts in the counting sequence, assuming the two most significant bits are correct. This paper presents a correction method that does not require the two most significant bits to be correct and does not displace the count by more than one in the counting...

The fairness of eyewitness identi®cation lineups is assessed through the use of a series of fairness measures. All the measures proposed to date are based on the lineup choices of `mock witnesses'. Mock witnesses are persons who have not previously seen the o€ender but who have been given information about him, usually a verbal description. In a fair lineup mock witness choices should be distri...

The highest energies are defined, at a given time, by our detector capabilities. Thus the highest energies will be the just measured or soon to be measured energies. To-day, the frontier in cosmic rays reaches 10 eV. This represents a macroscopic energy, namely 16 J, transported by a microscopic object. For charged particles, the highest energy events seem to necessitate some New Physics, beyon...

While differences in witness narratives due to different interviewers may have implications for their credibility in court, this study considers how investigative interviews by different parties to the proceedings, as well as the gender and nationality of interviewers, can influence the testimony of witnesses in court who share comparable traumatic experiences. The foundation of the analysis wa...