Single crystal Cu 001 layers were grown on MgO 001 by ultrahigh vacuum magnetron sputtering at Ts=100 °C. Quantitative surface morphological analyses by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy show that the surfaces exhibit self-affine mound structures with a scaling exponent of 0.82 0.03 and a mound radius rc that increases from 31 8 to 39 6 nm for increasing layer thickness t=24–120 nm. In situ...

Permafrost-affected soils cover about 40–45 % of Canada. The environment in such areas, especially those located within the discontinuous permafrost zone, has been impacted more than any other by recorded climatic changes. A number of changes, such as surface subsidence and the degradation of frost mounds due to permafrost thawing, have already been observed at many locations. We surveyed three...

– Conserved growth models that exhibit a nonlinear instability in which the height (depth) of isolated pillars (grooves) grows in time are studied by numerical integration and stochastic simulation. When this instability is controlled by the introduction of an infinite series of higher-order nonlinear terms, these models exhibit, as function of a control parameter, a non-equilibrium phase trans...

Plant species effects on ecosystem processes are mediated by traits such as litter quality and exudation. These same traits also influence the activity and distribution of animals that play key roles in regulating ecosystem dynamics. We planted monocultures of eight plant species commonly found in California grasslands to investigate the relative importance of plant species direct effects on ni...

Bottom trawling is one of the most significant anthropogenic pressures on physical seafloor integrity. The objective classification impact important to monitor ongoing fishing activities and assess regeneration integrity in Marine Protected Areas. We use high-resolution bathymetric data recorded by multibeam echo sounders parameterize morphology trawl mark incisions associated mounds Fehmarn Be...

Abstract Termites are a significant natural source of greenhouse gases (GHGs), but quantifying emissions especially from large termite mounds is problematic as they rarely fit in measurement chambers. Predicting fluxes based on internal and atmospheric concentrations could provide an indirect way to assess mound emissions, developing such models necessitates better understanding the concentrati...

Oxia Planum, the planned landing site of ExoMars ‘Rosalind Franklin’ rover, is a low relief clay-bearing plain, which approximately 1% covered by 396 upstanding isolated landforms (‘mounds’). The mounds are continuous with circum-Chryse mound population representing remnants regionally significant Noachian-aged deposit. This detailed study suggests that Planum also erosional this deposit, littl...

Extensive areas of seasonally flooded savannas in South America are covered with vestiges pre-Columbian raised fields. The present-day state these depends on both initial human agency and the balance between erosion accumulation by soil organisms. We investigated taphonomic determinants mound-shaped fields Llanos de Mojos, Bolivia, using high-resolution digital terrain models produced LiDAR mou...