BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Oxidative damage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the ischemic brain is expected after ischemia/reperfusion injury. A recent study demonstrated limited patterns of mtDNA deletion in the brain after ischemia/reperfusion. We studied the ischemia/reperfusion-induced global changes of mtDNA integrity and its restoration in a rat model of transient focal ischemia in vivo. MET...

It has been reported that quantitative alterations and sequence variations of mtDNA are associated with the onset and progression of particular types of tumor. However, the relationship between mtDNA content, certain mtDNA polymorphisms in peripheral blood leukocytes and breast cancer risk remain obscure. This study was undertaken to investigate whether mtDNA content and the A10398G polymorphis...

Like other antihuman immunodeficiency virus dideoxynucleosides, stavudine may occasionally induce lactic acidosis and perhaps lipodystrophy in metabolically or genetically susceptible patients. We studied the effects of stavudine on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), fatty acid oxidation, and blood metabolites in lean and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. In lean mice, mtDNA was depleted in liver and ske...

Phylogeographic analyses using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have revealed many examples of apparently deep historical subdivisions ('phylogroups') within many vertebrates. It remains unclear whether these phylogroups represent independently evolving, adaptively differentiated lineages or groups that show little functional differentiation and, hence, will merge on contact. Here, we use mtDNA sequen...

The segregating unit of mtDNA is a protein-DNA complex called the nucleoid. In an effort to understand how nucleoid proteins contribute to mtDNA organization and inheritance, we have developed an in organello formaldehyde crosslinking procedure to identify proteins associated with mtDNA. Using highly purified mitochondria, we observed a time-dependent crosslinking of protein to mtDNA as determi...

I. Mammalian Mitochondrial Genomes II. The Human mtDNA III. Structure of the Human mtDNA D-Loop Region IV. Mitochondrial DNA Replication V. Initiation of L-Strand DNA Replication VI. Alternative Mode of mtDNA Replication VII. General Features of Factors Associated with mtDNA Replication A. DNA Polymerase y B. Mitochondrial Single-Strand Binding Protein VIII. Regulation of mtDNA Replication IX. ...

1 Department of the Archaeology of Landscape and Archaeobiology, Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Prague, CZ, [email protected] 2 Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Prague. 3 Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, CZ 4 Department of Anthropology and Human Genetic, Faculty of Science, Faculty of ...

Heteroplasmic mutations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are an important source of human diseases. The mechanisms governing transmission, segregation and complementation of heteroplasmic mtDNA-mutations are unknown but depend on the nature and dynamics of the mitochondrial compartment as well as on the intramitochondrial organization and mobility of mtDNA. We show that mtDNA of human primary and i...

Recent reports of strong selection of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) during transmission in animal models of mtDNA disease, and of nuclear transfer in both animal models and humans, have important scientific implications. These are directly applicable to the genetic management of mtDNA disease. The risk that a mitochondrial disorder will be transmitted is difficult to estimate due to heteroplasmy-th...

The accumulation of somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations contributes to the pathogenesis of human disease. Currently, mitochondrial mutations are largely considered results of inaccurate processing of its heavily damaged genome. However, mainly from a lack of methods to monitor mtDNA mutations with sufficient sensitivity and accuracy, a link between mtDNA damage and mutation has not been...