In 1921 Oliver Lodge defended Philosophical Magazine against charges of mismanagement from the National Union of Scientific Workers. They alleged that its editors performed little editorial work, the bulk being done by the publishers, Taylor & Francis. Lodge reassured Nature's readers that the journal did consult its editors, and suggested 'a conservative attitude towards old-established organs...

Abstract Countless scholars have wrestled with the ambiguities and complexities in determining role of noema Husserl’s theory intentionality since his transcendental turn, consequently converted what was intended to be a structural solution problem into contested itself.1 Shifting emphasis from ‘whatness’, or ontological concerns correlate noesis—noema ‘howness’, methodological force phenomenol...

one of the most important issues concerned with causation is that of ultimate cause. the ultimate in philosophy is used in two senses; one means: “something to which movement is directed”; the other means: “something for which movement takes place.” there are three theories with regand to “what is ultimate cause?” 1. the external existence of the ultimate of act; 2. the conception of the ultima...

It is shown that probabilistic beliefs and est imation of quanti t ies give rise to the same model, that of a type spacer and can be viewed as the two sides of the same coin. We s tudy the axiom of correct est imation, which s ta tes tha t an agent 's est imation of his own est imation is correct, showing it to be weaker than the introspection axiom, according to which an agent is certain of hi...

ṣadr al-muti’allihīn shīrāzī is the founder of a school known as transcendental philosophy. employing the heritage of his predecessors, he has opened a new way before seekers of the truth. one of the features of his philosophical school is the frequent use of the verses of the qur’ān and traditions of the infallibles (a.s.) in his philosophical works. on the basis of the philosophical principle...

most islamic philosophers consider music as one the four elements of mathematics following aristotle’s quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. however, the philosophers usually avoid engaging the issues related to what music really does when perceived by man and how it can improve the life of man on earth. at the same time, sufists and mystics manly focus on the later issue. bas...

theistic philosophers have special view on human nature. they define it in terms of rational faculty and thus regard human final perfection and ultimate felicity dependent on the activity of this faculty and actualization of it. there are philosophers, such as plato, plotinus, and zakariya al-razi (rhazes), who maintain explicitly that human felicity is based on his becoming philosopher. other ...

This article brings together tiles of 16th century Persian architecture and 21st century digital tiles of moving image to explore new potentials beyond the perceived image. As minimal parts of a bigger image, they both appear still and motionless. However, Persian Islamic philosopher, Mulla Sadrā Shirazi’s (1571-1640) theory of ‘substantial motion’ (al-harakat al-jawhariyya) argues that, at the...