No information is currently available on the influence of injectable second-line drugs on treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) patients. To investigate this issue, a large series of MDR- and XDR-TB cases diagnosed in Estonia, Germany, Italy and the Russian Federation (Archangels Oblast) between 1999 and 2006 were analysed. All st...

Resistance to anti-tuberculosis (TB) medicines is a major public health threat in most countries of the former Soviet Union. As no representative and quality-assured information on the magnitude of this problem existed in Belarus, a survey was conducted in the capital city of Minsk. Between November 2009 and December 2010, 156 consecutively diagnosed new and 68 previously treated culture-positi...

Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is one worrisome element in this era of pandemic antibiotic resistance. This demands a need for diagnosis, and incidence of primary and acquired resistance to help in better management. Smear positive respiratory samples collected over a period of one year were processed for detection of M. tuberculosis, using biochemical methods and susceptibility to p...

Human cells can become multidrug resistant (MDR) by an increase in the activity of the MDR1 P-glycoprotein or by other, as yet unknown mechanisms, referred to as non-P-glycoprotein mediated MDR (non-Pgp MDR). S. P. C. Cole et al. [Science (Washington DC), 258: 1650-1654, 1992] recently reported that in two cell lines non-Pgp MDR was associated with the overexpression of a new putative membrane ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the time from diagnosis to start of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) treatment in Lima, Peru. METHODS We studied new smear-positive TB adults that were started on MDR TB treatment or that were switched to it between June 2008 and December 2011. RESULTS Time from the first positive smear to MDR-TB treatment was >30 days in 35% (13/37) of patients. Among the 27...

The antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates associated with various types of infections in dogs and cats was determined. The studied isolates were most frequently susceptible to fluoroquinolones and the extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs), antimicrobials commonly used in treatment of infections in companion animals. However, an increase in the percentage of strains resista...

Forty-seven Salmonella Typhimurium (33 zoonotic, 14 clinical) strains were tested for antimicrobial resistance using the standard disk diffusion method. Presence of relevant resistance genes and class 1 integrons were investigated by using PCR. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid profiling were carried out to determine the genomic diversity of Salmonella Typhimurium. Approximate...

Resistance to chemotherapy is responsible for a failure of current treatment regimens in cancer patients. We have reported previously that the Y-box protein YB-1 regulates expression of the P-glycoprotein gene mdr1, which plays a major role in the development of a multidrug resistant-tumor phenotype. YB-1 predicts drug resistance and patient outcome in breast cancer. Thus, YB-1 is a promising t...

A strategy to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella in ground beef is urgently needed. A national multi-disciplinary meeting reviewed the epidemiology of MDR Salmonella infection and contamination in humans, animals, and retail meat. In spite of a recent overall decrease in human MDR Salmonella isolates, certain types, such as Salmonella enterica serotype Newport multidrug-resistant-AmpC ...

Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a major obstacle in cancer treatment. A recently proposed strategy target the collateral sensitivity of multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer. Paradoxically, toxicity certain metal chelating increased, rather than decreased, by function P-glycoprotein (Pgp), which known confer resistance effluxing compounds from cells. We have characterized and compared solut...