Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major hindrance to curative chemotherapy of various human malignancies. Hence, novel chemotherapeutics must be evaluated for their recognition by MDR efflux transporters. Herein we explored the cytotoxic activity of synthetic tubulysin B (Tub-B, EC1009) derivatives (Tub-B-hydrazide/EC0347 and Tub-B bis-ether/EC1820), and their recognition by the MDR efflux transp...

Sixty-three isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S.typhi) from sporadic cases of typhoid fever obtained from Malaysia (n=6), Vietnam (n=13), India (n=8) and Pakistan (n=36) were characterized by phage typing, drug-susceptibility testing, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with restriction endonuclease, XbaI. The strains analyzed ...

Treatment outcome in multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) is often unsuccessful, but the particular determinants of poor treatment outcome have remained obscure. The present authors therefore analysed treatment effectiveness and predictors of poor treatment outcome in pulmonary MDR-TB and XDR-TB in Estonia, a European country with one of the highest M...

Multidrug resistance is the most predominant phenomenon leading to chemotherapy treatment failure in breast cancer patients. Despite many studies having suggested that overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a potent predictor of malignancy in cancers, systematic research of EGFR in multidrug resistant (MDR) breast cancer cells is lacking. In order to clarify the role of EG...

We hypothesized that multidrug resistance efflux pumps (MDRs) may be contributing to the drug resistance of enterococci. We recently identified potential MDR-encoding genes in the Enterococcus faecalis V583 genome. Among the putative MDRs, we found a gene that encodes a NorA homolog and have characterized this enterococcal MDR in the present study. A mutant from which the enterococcal NorA homo...

Despite overall progress in global TB control, the rising burden of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) threatens to undermine efforts to end the worldwide epidemic. Of the 27 countries classified as high burden for MDR-TB, 17 are in 'low' or 'low-middle' income countries. Shorter, all oral and less toxic multidrug combinations are required to improve treatment outcomes in these settings. Suitabili...

Since multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major cause of failure in cancer chemotherapy, we report a microfluidic approach combined with the same-single-cell analysis to investigate the modulation of MDR, manifested as the inhibition of drug efflux. A microfluidic chip that was capable of selecting and retaining a single multidrug-resistant cancer cell was used to investigate drug efflux inhibition...

OBJECTIVES To report perinatal transmission of multidrug resistant (MDR) HIV related to variable maternal adherence antenatally. METHODS Case study including review of clinic records, adherence information, laboratory data, and HIV genotyping results in mother and infant. RESULTS Poor maternal adherence to clinic visits and antiretroviral therapy contributed to detectable viraemia antenatal...

Classical cytotoxic treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is often accompanied by significant morbidity and poor response. This cytotoxic therapy may induce a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in RMS which is associated with decreased effectiveness of chemotherapy. The majority of MDR molecules belong to a family of ABC (ATP binding cassette) transporters. Studies of drug resistance in RMS sug...

The Bacteroides fragilis group consists of species of obligate anaerobic bacteria that inhabit the human gut. They are among the leading pathogens isolated in the setting of intra-abdominal infections. B. fragilis strains, especially in the United States, are virtually always susceptible to metronidazole, carbapenems, and beta-lactam antibiotics. Although isolated cases of resistance to single ...