Abstract Background Focal lesions of the kidney comprise a spectrum entities that can be broadly classified as malignant tumors, benign and non-neoplastic lesions. Malignant tumors include renal cell carcinoma subtypes, urothelial carcinoma, lymphoma, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, metastases to kidney, rare Benign angiomyolipoma (fat-rich fat-poor) oncocytoma. Non-neoplastic infe...