At any moment in time, we are driven by and are an integral part of many interconnected, dynamically changing networks. Our species has evolved as part of diverse ecological, biological, social, and other networks over thousands of years. As part of a complex food web, we learned how to find prey and to avoid predators. We have created advanced socio-technical environments in the shape of citie...

Calculations of the number of curves on a Calabi-Yau manifold via an instanton expansion do not always agree with what one would expect naively. It is explained how to account for continuous families of instantons via deformation theory and excess intersection theory. The essential role played by degenerate instantons is also explained.

This study in 2006 estimated the hepatitis B virus (BHV) vaccination coverage in the Islamic Republic of Iran at the national and district levels in urban, rural and remote populations of 41 university health service areas. Of 21 905 children recruited to the study, vaccination coverage based on vaccination card records was 100% in 14, 15 and 10 of the 41 university areas for the 1st, 2nd and 3...

Studies on effective community-based intervention in areas inhabited by multiple ethnic groups are limited. The present study was performed to evaluate the impact of workshop activities in multiple local dialects guided by lay facilitators on vaccination coverage, sanitary living and health status in a northern district of Lao PDR. In target villages, facilitators were selected and trained to a...

Let X 1 . . . . . X, be n random variables, with cumulative distribution functions F1, . . . , F,. Define ¢i := Fi(Xi) for all i, and let ~(1) ~< ... ~< ~(,) be the order statistics of the (~)~. Let cq ~< ... ~< ~. be n numbers in the interval [0, 1]. We show that the probability of the event R := {(") ~< ct~ for all 1 ~< i ~< n} is at most min~n~Ji }. Moreover, this bound is exact: for any giv...

In this paper, we propose models and solution approaches for determining the facility locations of medical supplies in response to large-scale emergencies. We address the demand uncertainty and medical supply insufficiency by providing each demand point with services from a multiple quantity of facilities that are located at different quality levels (distances). The problem is formulated as a m...

Test coverage is an important indicator of whether software has been sufficiently tested. However, there are several problems with the existing measurement tools for test coverage, such as their cost of development and maintenance, inconsistency, and inflexibility in measurement. We propose a consistent and flexible measurement framework for test coverage that we call the Open Code Coverage Fra...

This paper describes an approach to formalization of criteria of computer systems software testing. A brief review of control-flow criteria is introduced. As a formal language for describing the criteria, the Z notation is selected. Z schemas are presented for definitions of the following criteria: statement coverage, decision coverage, condition coverage, decision/condition coverage, full pred...

This paper describes an approach to formalization of criteria of complex computer systems software testing. A brief review of control-flow criteria is introduced. As a formal language for describing the criteria, the Z notation is selected. Z schemas are presented for definitions of the following criteria: statement coverage, decision coverage, condition coverage, decision/condition coverage, f...