BACKGROUND People living or working in eastern Ohio and western West Virginia have been exposed to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) released by DuPont Washington Works facilities. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to estimate historical PFOA exposures and serum concentrations experienced by 45,276 non-occupationally exposed participants in the C8 Health Project who consented to share their residentia...

Inhibition of the respiration microbial activity in the activated sludge caused by heavy metal concentrations (Cr, Cd, Cu and Ni) was studied by means of respirometric method using Strathtox respirometer (Strathkelvin Glasgow).The studied sludge samples were obtained from the two waste water treatment plants with different types of pollution (municipal waste water and domestic waste water). Key...

Augmentation of potable water sources with reclaimed municipal wastewater is an option of increasing importance for water security in regions and countries where severe water stress occurs. Consequently, the presence of emerging trace contaminants in reclaimed water has been recognised as a critical issue due to their potential adverse health effects. Notable examples of these trace organic che...

Microbial and chemical contamination of drinking water supplies can cause human health problems. Microbial pathogens are of primary concern and quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is employed to assess and manage the risks they pose. Estimates of drinking water consumption, or distributions, are required to assess levels of waterborne pathogen exposure. To establish distributions for ...

background & aims of the study: heavy metals contaminate drinking water, air and soils. it is very harmful for humans and other live organisms. phytoremediation is one of the direct bio-remediation methods for heavy metal removal from polluted water and soils. this method is accepted environmentally, economically and aesthetically. the purpose of this study was to assess tamarix hispida capacit...

OBJECTIVE To improve an existing measure of fruit and vegetable intake self efficacy by including items that varied on levels of difficulty, and testing a corresponding measure of water intake self efficacy. DESIGN Cross sectional assessment. Items were modified to have easy, moderate and difficult levels of self efficacy. Classical test theory and item response modeling were applied. SETTI...

Jaramillo and Destouni claim that freshwater consumption is beyond the planetary boundary, based on high estimates of water cycle components, different definitions of water consumption, and extrapolation from a single case study. The difference from our analysis, based on mainstream assessments of global water consumption, highlights the need for clearer definitions of water cycle components an...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To study municipal variations in children's injury risk and to assess the impact of safety promotion measures in general municipal, preschool, school, and leisure activity settings, on injury outcome. DESIGN A cohort study based on individual data on children's consumption of hospital care as a result of injury, the age and sex of each child, and socioeconomic data on each chi...

Two experiments examined the effect of meal-related water deficits on the distribution of meal-associated drinking. In the first procedure free-feeding rats received 10-, 20-, or 30-min delays between the end of a meal and the subsequent availability of postprandial water. Each delay condition remained in effect for 10 consecutive days. The primary effect of the delay was to postpone the intake...