Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable lung inflammatory disease in which professionals can provide patients caregivers with specific treatment plan consisting of pharmacological and/or exercise therapy. COPD usually control exacerbations maintain functional status through muscarinic antagonists, either long-acting (LAMA) or short-acting (SABA). ...

In the present study, we describe the cardiovascular effects of local acetylcholine (Ach) microinjection into both the ventrolateral (vlPAG) and dorsal (dPAG) periaqueductal gray areas of anesthetized rats and the possible local receptors involved with these responses. Microinjection of Ach (9, 27, 45 or 81 nmol/50 nL) into the vlPAG caused dose-related depressor responses. These hypotensive re...

Neuropathic pain affects about 7–8% of the population, and its management still poses challenges with unmet needs. Over past decades, researchers have explored cholinergic system (muscarinic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: mAChR nAChR) compounds targeting these receptors as potential analgesics for neuropathic management. This scoping review aims to provide an overview studies on peripheral ...

The lateral habenula (LHb) plays essential roles in behavioral responses to stressful events. Stress is tightly linked autonomic such as cardiovascular responses, yet how the LHb regulates these not well understood. To address this issue, we electrically stimulated rats, measured its effects on heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), investigated neural circuits that mediate LHb-induc...

The mechanism by which lactating rats increase fluid consumption to meet the demands of milk production is unknown. Because ANG II is the most potent dipsogenic stimulus known, this study examined whether angiotensinergic signaling plays a role in enhanced drinking in lactating rats. ANG II administered intracerebroventricularly caused a significantly greater dipsogenic response in lactating ra...

INTRODUCTION Volumes of hippocampus and cholinergic basal forebrain are associated with delayed recall performance and may modulate the effect of a muscarinic receptor antagonist on delayed recall in healthy volunteers. METHODS We studied 15 older adults before and after the oral administration of a single dose of 1 or 2 mg of the preferential M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist trihexyphenidyl...

The nonselective muscarinic antagonist scopolamine is known to impair the acquisition of some learning tasks such as inhibitory avoidance. There has been recent research into the effects of this drug in contextual fear conditioning and tone fear conditioning paradigms. The purpose of the present study was to assess the role of the selective M1 muscarinic antagonist dicyclomine in these paradigm...