Mind wandering (MW) is a ubiquitous phenomenon characterized by an unintentional shift in attention from task-related to taskunrelated thoughts. MW is frequent during learning and negatively correlates with learning outcomes. Therefore, the next generation of intelligent learning technologies should benefit from mechanisms that detect and combat MW. As an initial step in this direction, we used...

Establishing an appropriate degradation rate is critical for tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, the degradation rate of silk fibroin threedimensional scaffolds was regulated by changing the molecular weight (MW) of the silk fibroin. The solubility of silk fibroin depends primarily on the ionic ability of the slovent to dissolve silk fibroin, therefore, we regulated the MW of the silk ...

Leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite, causes a strong immunosuppression in a susceptible host and inflicts the fatal disease visceral leishmaniasis. Relatively high toxicity, low therapeutic index, and failure in reinstating host-protective anti-leishmanial immune responses have made anti-leishmanial drugs patient non-compliant and an immuno-modulatory treatment a necessity. Therefore, we ...

We have studied the effects of low-power-density microwave (MW) radiation (continuous and pulsed wave with average power density of 10 milliwatts/sq cm and range of 5 to 50 milliwatts/sq cm; frequency, 1.0 GHz) on the uptake and action of methotrexate (MTX), the inhibition of DNA synthesis in L1210 murine leukemia cells in vitro, and the MTX treatment of mice bearing this leukemia. Using short-...

The aim of this study is to determine the impact upon dissolved organic matter (DOM) and removal of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors of adding an ozone-biological activated carbon (O3-BAC) process after the conventional treatment process (CTP) using water from the Huangpu River in Shanghai, east China. Several metrics, including size fractionation, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and tri...

n the 1980s, the molecular weight (MW) of a protein could be determined by electrophoretic, lightscattering, chromatographic, or ultracentrifugation methods; however, the MW was not very accurate. Some of these methods depended on characteristics other than MW, such as conformation, Stoke’s radius, and hydrophobicity. Recently, advances in mass spectrometry (MS) — such as electrospray ionizatio...

The electroencephalogram (EEG) of mind-wandering (MW) was examined in event-related potentials (ERPs) and pre-stimulus alpha (8-12 Hz), over lateral-posterior sites of left and right brain hemispheres, while individuals read text passages. After controlling for individual differences in general intelligence (g), P1-asymmetry was greater (right-minus- left) and N1 amplitudes were more negative, ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of application of low intensity Millimeter Wave (MW) in treatment of Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP). We conducted a randomized sham-controlled single center study in 51 patients with painful DSP diagnosed according to Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCNS). Patients were randomized to receive either sham or MW treatment ...

Heparosan is the key precursor for the preparation of bioengineered heparin, a potential replacement for porcine intestinal heparin, an important anticoagulant drug. The molecular weight (MW) distribution of heparosan produced by the fermentation of E. coli K5 was investigated. Large-slab isocratic and mini-slab gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) were used to analyze the MW and ...