background: the cholinergic system plays an important role in learning and memory. administration of extracts of curcuma longa or its constituent, curcumin, have some roles in cognitive function in animals. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of curcumin in preventing spatial performance impairment induced by scopolamine, a cholinergic receptor antagonist, in rats using ...

Introduction: Age-related cognitive decline decreases with aerobic physical exercise in many animal models and humans. Irisin, a myokine its’ precursor FNDC5, has increased hippocampal development to improve learning memory. This study aims determine the association between irisin, activity enhancement of spatial adult mice. Methods: Three experimental studies will be conducted explore role FND...

A new approach has been developed to provide an overview about signal behavior in indoor environments using Cost-231 Multiwall Model (Cost-231 MWM) and Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) method. This used as a reference for access point (AP) placement campus building. The MWM plays role estimating the measured power received by user (usually called Received Signal Strength Indicator/RSSI) considering exi...

Introduction: Exposure to 3, 4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) could lead to serotonergic system toxicity in the brain. This system is responsible for learning and memory functions. Studies show that MDMA causes memory impairment dose-dependently and acutely. The present study was designed to evaluate the chronic and acute effects of MDMD on spatial memory and acquisition of passive avoid...

Background: Testosterone and its metabolites have important roles in learning and memory. The current study has conducted to assess the effect of pre-training, post-training and pre-probe trial intrahippocampal CA1 administration of 3 alpha-anderostanediol (one of the metabolites of testosterone) and indomethacin (as 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme blocker) on acquisition, consolida...

Background: There is evidence that chronic neuroinflammation involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In this regard, animal models are considered important tools for study associated with these The injection lipopolysaccharide (LPS) most commonly used approach inducing models. However, there limited inconsistent studies regard...

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a neurotropic parasite with lifelong persistence in the host brain. Many researchers suggested toxoplasmosis as risk factor for development of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, link between them has not been fully elucidated. Objectives: The present study was designed to investigate effects chronic infection Types I (RH), II (PRU), and III (VEG) strains alone c...

[1] The atmospheric response to perturbations in NOx emissions from global air traffic is investigated by performing a coherent set of sensitivity experiments. The importance of cruise altitude, size of the emission perturbation and geographical distribution of emissions is systematically analyzed using two global chemistry transport models and an off-line radiative transfer model. NOx emission...