Following the initial description of an ectopic thyroid by Verneuil, ( 1 ) it remained only as an anatomical curiosity for many years. Hunt ( 2 ) described dysphagia and obstruction of the upper larynx caused by a lingual thyroid and suggested the clinical importance of this entity. Mont gomery ( 3 ) has reviewed most of the reported cases, and observed that surgi cal ablation of the ectopic ti...

The authors measured thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII), thyroid stimulating antibody (TSAb), and thyroid stimulation blocking antibody (TSBAb) sequentially in patients who developed hyperthyroidism following primary hypothyroidism, and compared changes in these various functional parameters of thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) with clinical manifestations, in order to inve...

BACKGROUND Patients with moderate to severe hypothyroidism and mainly patients with myxedema may exhibit reduced sodium levels (<135 mmol/L). SUMMARY The aim of this short review is the presentation of the mechanisms of hyponatremia and of the available data regarding its implications and treatment in patients with hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is one of the causes of hyponatremia, thus thyr...

This report describes the enzymic synthesis of an artificial protein which relieves clinical myxedema. The enzyme used was pepsin, applied under conditions suggested by Wasteneys and Borsook (1, 2) which reverse its usual digestive effect. As previously reported, the starting material or substrate was the diiodotyrosine peptone obtained by the peptic digestion of human thyroglobulin (3, 4). Thi...

The relationship between metabolism and the velocity of blood flow in thyroid disease has been studied by numerous investigators (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), all of whom have demonstrated that the velocity of blood flow is increased in hyperthyroidism and decreased in myxedema. In addition, the circulation time or the velocity of blood flow was found to be increased in anemia and decreased in congest...

Pericardial effusion is a recognized consequence of myxedema. Its incidence is unknown, primarily because of past difficulties in establishing the diagnosis. We studied 33 hypothyroid patients by echocardiography. Ten of the 33 patients (30%) had positive echoes for pericardial effusion. Seven of these ten patients had enlarged hearts on chest X-ray. Five patients had cardiac enlargement but no...

BACKGROUND Hyaluronidases are essential for the breakdown of hyaluronate (HA) in tissues and may be used to prevent the adverse effects of HA fillers. OBJECTIVES We explored the effect of hyaluronidase on exogenous and endogenous HA in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS HA fillers were incubated with different concentrations of hyaluronidase and visualized by electrophoresis. HA fille...

Three neonates born to three mothers with primary myxedema who have thyrotropin-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) were continually examined after birth. One neonate showed a high TSH level in mass-screening for congenital hypothyroidism and developed transient hypothyroidism. Her TBII disappeared at 114 days of age, and she remained euthyroid after discontinuation of thyroxin replacement ...

Pericardial effusion is a recognized consequences of myxedema. Its incidence is unknown, primarily because of past difficulties in establishing the diagnosis. We studied 33 hypothyroid patients by echocardiography. Ten of the 33 patients (30%) had positive echoes for pericardial effusion. Seven of these ten patients had enlarged hearts on chest X-ray. Five patients had cardiac enlargement but n...