biological effects extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (eswl) is not precisely known. we have evaluated two urinary enzymes activity n-acetyl-b-d-glucosamine (nag) and alanine amino peptidase (aap) before and after unilateral eswl as markers for renal parenchymal damage. forty eight patients with kidney stones (mean age 39) who had presented for the first time or at least one year after their...

It has been demonstrated that n-glucosamine and N-acetyln-glucosamine are metabolized in animal tissues to n-fructose via phosphorylated intermediates (14). It has also been shown that n-glucose is converted to n-glucosamine and incorporated into glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides (Pll), probably through formation of uridine diphosphate derivatives as intermediates (4). Little work has been ...

The group R streptococcal group antigen has been shown to be a polysaccharide located at the surface of the cell wall of the organism. The antigen was extracted from cell walls in 0.05 n HCl or 5% trichloracetic acid at 100 C, from whole cells at room temperature in 0.85% NaCl or 0.1 m acetate (pH 5.0), and by sonic oscillation. The antigen is largely destroyed when extracted from whole cells i...

Activation of the alternate complement pathway in human serum by several bacterial components was compared. Peptidoglycan from group A streptococcal cell walls was the most active material, on a weight basis, followed by cell walls, protoplast membranes, and whole cells. The group-specific carbohydrate was inactive. Treatment of peptidoglycan with low concentrations of lysozyme or short periods...

Glycosaminoglycans and NO synthase probably regulate mucous cell secretion in the skin of Tapes philippinarum. We have demonstrated the presence of "protein" cells, "glycogen" cells, "phenol" cells and five types of mucous cells, with different chemical composition of the mucus in the mantle epithelium of T. philippinarum. The foot epithelium contained "protein" cells and two types of mucous ce...

Single blastomeres from 8-cell embryos adhere to lectin-coated agarose beads. The cells spread over the surface of peanut lectin (PNA), wheat germ lectin (WGA) and concanavalin A (Con A)-coated agarose beads, and this was prevented by sugars with high affinity for the appropriate lectin. Spreading was also prevented by cytochalasin D at a concentration (0.5-1.0 microgram/ml) known to inhibit co...