Ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions create a state of matter of high temperature and small baryo-chemical potential, which is similar to the thermodynamical conditions in the primordial universe. Recent analyses of Au+Au collisions at RHIC revealed the temperature, size and density of the system. Thus, a comparison to the primordial universe can be attempted. In particular, two observ...

A density-functional theory for spherical particles interacting via an arbitrary soft pair potential is presented. The derivation is solely based on limits, where the behavior is exactly known, namely, a zero-dimensional cavity and the low-density virial expansion. The approach generalizes the fundamental-measure theory for hard bodies and yields the structure and thermodynamics of the homogene...

The Kohn-Sham (KS) equations determine, in a self-consistent way, the particle density of an interacting fermion system at thermal equilibrium. We consider a situation when the KS equations are known to have a unique solution at high temperatures and this solution is a uniform particle density. We show that, at zero temperature, there are stable solutions that are not uniform. We provide the ge...

NpT Monte Carlo simulations have been performed for two recently discovered solid phases of water which have been denoted as ice XIII and ice XIV C. G. Salzmann et al. [Science311, 1758 (2006)]. Several potential models of water were considered, namely, the traditional SPC/E, TIP4P, and TIP5P and the more recent TIP5P-E, TIP4P-Ew, TIP4P/Ice, and TIP4P/2005 models. Significant differences in den...

The high-density plaquette percolation model in d dimensions contains a surface that is homeomorphic to the (d − 1)sphere and encloses the origin. This is proved by a path-counting argument in a dual model. When d = 3, this permits an improved lower bound on the critical point pe of entanglement percolation, namely pe ≥ μ −2 where μ is the connective constant for self-avoiding walks on Z. Furth...

ui(x, 0) = ui (x), x ∈ Ω and what the analysis of such equations can say about spatial ecology. Here, ui(t, x) denotes the spatial density of some diffusing population at time t, ui denotes its initial density, and fi denotes the specific growth rate of the i-th population, which may depend on location and on the densities of the other n populations at that location. For reasons discussed exten...

We present simulations on a binary blend of bead-spring polymer chains. The introduction of monomer size disparity yields very different relaxation times for each component of the blend. Competition between two different arrest mechanisms, namely, bulklike dynamics and confinement, leads to an anomalous relaxation scenario for the fast component, characterized by sublinear time dependence for m...

The liver plays a primary role in lipid metabolism. Important functions include the synthesis and incorporation of hydrophobic lipids, triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters into the core of water-miscible particles called lipoproteins and the secretion of these particles into the circulation for transport to distant tissues. In this article, we present a brief overview of one aspect of the as...

This paper contributes a tutorial level discussion of some interesting properties of the recent Cauchy–Schwarz (CS) divergence measure between probability density functions. This measure brings together elements from several different machine learning fields, namely information theory, graph theory and Mercer kernel and spectral theory. These connections are revealed when estimating the CS dive...

The overlap of transmission ranges among multiple Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) is referred to as coexistence. The interference is most likely to affect the communication links and degrade the performance when sensors of different WBANs simultaneously transmit using the same channel. In this paper, we propose a distributed approach that adapts to the size of the network, i.e., the number ...